Rajesh, BhagavatheeswaranKesavadas, ChandrasekharanAshalatha, RadhakrishnanThomas, Bejoy2012-12-042012-12-042006PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY. 36; 8; 816-822http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-006-0176-4http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710657https://dspace.sctimst.ac.in/handle/123456789/957Background: Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare devastating disease of childhood causing progressive neurological deficits and intractable seizures, typically affecting one hemisphere. Characteristic MRI features include progressive unihemispheric focal cortical atrophy and grey- or white-matter high-signal changes and basal ganglion involvement, particularly of the caudate nucleus. Objective: To analyse the pattern of involvement of different brain structures in a series of patients with RE and to attempt clinical correlation. Materials and methods: We reviewed the medical records and neuroimaging data of 12 patients diagnosed with RE satisfying the European Consensus Statement diagnostic criteria. Results: The disease manifested as seizures in all patients and was refractory; epilepsia partialis continua was a notable feature (nine patients). Hemiparesis of varying grades was noted in all but one patient; none had extrapyramidal signs. Neuroimaging showed cortical involvement in the insular/periinsular regions in 11 patients. Caudate atrophy was noted in ten patients. Putaminal atrophy was seen in nine patients, six of whom had additional hyperintense signal changes. Conclusions: Our study highlights frequent putaminal atrophy and signal changes in RE, which suggests a more extensive basal ganglion involvement than emphasized previously. Recognition of putaminal changes may be a useful additional tool in the radiological diagnosis of RE.Neurology