Browsing by Author "Bak, TH"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Adaptation of the ACE for a Malayalam speaking population in southern India
    (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, 2004)
    Objective To adapt the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) as a dementia-screening tool in a community in south India. To establish that items in the adapted version are equivalent to that in the original.Methods The ACE was adapted into the local language, Malayalam (m-ACE), following cultural/linguistic modifications. To establish equivalence, qualitative comparisons were made (on the distribution of scores, percentage scoring at ceiling, and relative difficulty across items) between a UK sample receiving the ACE (n = 50; mean age = 67.9 +/- 7.4; education greater than or equal to9, mean = 10.9 +/- 2.5) and a community-based educationally-stratified Indian sample receiving the m-ACE: 'India greater than or equal to9' (n = 50; mean age = 67.8 +/- 5.2; education greater than or equal to9, mean = 13.9 +/- 2.7) and 'India less than or equal to8' (n = 50; mean age = 67.1 +/- 5.3; education less than or equal to8, mean = 3.1 +/- 2.0).Results Most ACE items were retained. The score distribution (mean +/- ISD), percentage at ceiling, and relative difficulties across items is comparable between the UK and the educationally equivalent India greater than or equal to9 groups. Language, Naming, Attention and Orientation are relatively easy (greater than or equal to80% at ceiling) and Recall and Verbal fluency are relatively difficult (less than or equal to22% at ceiling). Although the percentage at ceiling were lower for the India less than or equal to8 group, the order of relative difficulty was similar and the percentage scoring at floor was less than or equal to10% on all except visuospatial item.Conclusions The m-ACE provides a culture-fair Malayalam adaptation of the ACE with component items of equivalent difficulty. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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    Cognitive bedside assessment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes
    (JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY, 2005) Bak, TH; Rogers, TT; Crawford, LM; Hearn, VC; Mathuranath, PS; Hodges, JR
    Background: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of cognitive symptoms for the diagnosis and management of atypical parkinsonian syndromes, the cognitive assessment of the patients in clinical practice often remains very limited. Objectives: To examine the ability of a brief and simple cognitive screening test to detect cognitive deficits in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and the dementia rating scale (DRS) were applied to 26 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 39 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 25 with corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The results were then compared with those obtained in 30 healthy age matched volunteers and 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Results: In all four diseases the rate of detection of cognitive impairment on ACE was higher than on MMSE and comparable with DRS. The severity of cognitive impairment was most pronounced in the CBD group, which showed a similar degree of impairment to the Alzheimer group. In contrast, MSA patients were the least cognitively impaired. The PSP group took an intermediate position. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes can be detected using a brief and clinically applicable bedside test such as ACE.
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    Subcortical dementia revisited: Similarities and differences in cognitive function between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA)
    (NEUROCASE, 2005) Bak, TH; Crawford, LM; Hearn, VC; Mathuranath, PS; Hodges, JR
    To examine the similarities and differences in cognitive function between three predominantly subcortical dementing disorders associated with parkinsonism we compared the profiles of cognitive performance in 39 patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ( PSP), 26 patients with Multiple System Atrophy ( MSA) and 25 with Corticobasal Degeneration ( CBD) with those of 30 patients with classic cortical dementia, Alzheimer's Disease ( AD), using two different cognitive screening tests: Dementia Rating Scale ( DRS) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination ( ACE). The cognitive profile on ACE and DRS subtests distinguished subcortical diseases from each other as well as from AD. All parkinsonian syndromes were characterized by a disproportionate impairment in verbal fluency, particularly letter fluency. The three diseases differed, however, in the degree of language, memory and visuospatial impairment. We conclude that similarities, as well as differences, between PSP, MSA and CBD can be detected using a brief, clinically applicable cognitive screening test. The pattern of cognitive impairment is likely to reflect a different distribution of pathology, in particular a higher degree of cortical involvement in PSP and CBD.