Browsing by Author "Balan, A"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Autofluorescence Spectroscopy Augmented by Multivariate Analysis as a Potential Noninvasive Tool for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Disorders
    (PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY, 2013) Venugopal, C; Nazeer, SS; Balan, A; Jayasree, R
    Objective: Oral leukoplakia is one of the common potentially malignant lesions encountered worldwide. We report the results of an in vivo clinical evaluation of autofluorescence (AF) spectroscopy for differential diagnosis of oral leukoplakia. Multivariate analysis of spectral data has been incorporated to improve the efficacy of the technique. The results of this noninvasive study are expected to provide potential for extending the technique to other disorders. Materials and methods: A total of 18 patients and 30 normal volunteers participated in this study. AF spectra were acquired from affected sites of patients and from right and left buccal mucosa of normal volunteers. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using spectral intensity ratio (SIR), and principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). Results: AF spectra of leukoplakic patients showed characteristic emissions from flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and porphyrin at 500and 630nm, respectively. But the emission from porphyrin is not very prominent in the case of healthy volunteers. Also, significant decrease in spectral intensity is observed for leukoplakia compared with normal volunteers in the unprocessed spectra. Method of SIR yielded 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity and an overall 100% for PCA-LDA respectively for efficient differentiation of the lesions. Conclusions: The result of this preliminary study shows that PCA-LDA or SIR applied to AF spectroscopy is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of oral cavity disorders. This has been demonstrated in leukoplakia in a clinical setting, and it is expected that the technique can be extended to other oral cavity disorders as well.
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    Autofluorescence Spectroscopy Augmented by Multivariate Analysis as a Potential Noninvasive Tool for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Disorders.
    (Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2013-11) Venugopal, C; Nazeer, SS; Balan, A; Jayasree, RS
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    Autofluorescence spectroscopy for the in vivo evaluation of oral submucous fibrosis
    (Photomed Laser Surg., 2009) Haris, PS; Balan, A; Jayasree, RS; Gupta, AK
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    Noninvasive assessment of the risk of tobacco abuse in oral mucosa using fluorescence spectroscopy: a clinical approach
    (J. Biomed., 2014-05) Nazeer, SS; Asish, R; Venugopal, C; Balan, A; Gupta, AK; Jayasree, RS
    Tobacco abuse and alcoholism cause cancer, emphysema, and heart disease, which contribute to high death rates, globally. Society pays a significant cost for these habits whose first demonstration in many cases is in the oral cavity. Oral cavity disorders are highly curable if a screening procedure is available to diagnose them in the earliest stages. The aim of the study is to identify the severity of tobacco abuse, in oral cavity, as reflected by the emission from endogenous fluorophores and the chromophore hemoglobin. A group who had no tobacco habits and another with a history of tobacco abuse were included in this study. To compare the results with a pathological condition, a group of leukoplakia patients were also included. Emission from porphyrin and the spectral filtering modulation effect of hemoglobin were collected from different sites. Multivariate analysis strengthened the spectral features with a sensitivity of 60% to 100% and a specificity of 76% to 100% for the discrimination. Total hemoglobin and porphyrin levels of habitués and leukoplakia groups were comparable, indicating the alarming situation about the risk of tobacco abuse. Results prove that fluorescence spectroscopy along with multivariate analysis is an effective noninvasive tool for the early diagnosis of pathological changes due to tobacco abuse.
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    Three-year follow-up of oral leukoplakia after neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd : YAG) laser surgery
    (LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE, 2008) Vivek, V; Jayasree, RS; Balan, A; Sreelatha, KT; Gupta, AK
    Oral leukoplakia is a relatively common lesion with a significant proportion of cases changing into cancer. Since most leukoplakias are asymptomatic, the primary objective of treatment must aim at the prevention of such malignant transformation. The main objectives of the study are to observe (1) the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in the management of oral leukoplakia; (2) the nature of postoperative complications, if any, associated with laser ablation, and (3) the 3-year prognosis of oral leukoplakia treated with laser. Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven leukoplakia were treated with Nd:YAG laser. From this study, we observed that the patients treated with Nd:YAG laser had only mild to moderate pain, swelling and restricted mouth opening, which peaked between 72 h and 1 week. In a majority of the patients the healing was prolonged, to a maximum of 5 weeks, and there was no clinical evidence of scarring in 26 out of 28 cases. In this study we achieved a cure rate of 92.86% in a 6-month period. Further follow-up after 3 years yielded almost the same result, except that one patient was not available for follow-up. We concluded that Nd:YAG laser is an effective device in the management of oral leukoplakia, which is one of the major pre-cancerous lesions in our country.
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    Three-year follow-up of oral leukoplakia after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser surgery
    (Lasers Med Sci., 2008) Vivek, V; Jayasree, RS; Balan, A; Sreelatha, KT; Gupta, AK