Browsing by Author "Geevarghese, R"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Biofabrication of skin tissue constructs using alginate, gelatin and diethylaminoethyl cellulose bioink.
    (International J of Biological Macromolecules, 2021-10) Lakshmi, TS; Riya, Raju; Suvanish, Kumar; Geevarghese, R; Renjith P., Nair; Kasoju, N; Bhatt, A
    Introduction: Biofabrication of skin tissue equivalents using 3D bioprinting technology has gained much attention in recent times due to the simplicity, the versatility of the technology and its ability in bioengineering biomimetic tissue histology. The key component being the bioink, several groups are actively working on the development of various bioink formulations for optimal skin tissue construction. Methods: Here, we present alginate (ALG), gelatin (GEL) and diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DCEL) based bioink formulation and its application in bioprinting and biofabrication of skin tissue equivalents. Briefly, DEAE cellulose powder was dispersed in alginate solution with constant stirring at 60 °C to obtain a uniform distribution of cellulose fibers; this was then mixed with GEL solution to prepare the bioink. The formulation was systematically characterized for its morphological, physical, chemical, rheological, biodegradation and biocompatibility properties. The printability, shape fidelity and cell-laden printing were assessed using the CellInk bioprinter. Results: The bioink proved to be a good printable, non-cytotoxic and stable hydrogel formulation. The primary human fibroblast and keratinocyte-loaded 3D bioprinted constructs showed excellent cell viability, collagen synthesis, skin-specific marker and biomimetic tissue histology. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the successful formulation of ALG-GEL-DCEL bioink and its application in the development of human skin tissue equivalents with distinct epidermal-dermal histological features.
  • Item
    . Exploring the Potential of Alginate-Gelatin-Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Fibrinogen based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting of Skin
    (Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 2022-06) Ramakrishnan, R; Kasoju, N; Raju, R; Geevarghese, R; Gauthaman, A; Bhatt, A
    Designing printable bioinks for 3D bioprinting capable of supporting cellular viability with post-printing functionality remains challenging. Native ECM offers several physical, chemical, and biological cues that are difficult to restore using only a single component. Herein, we have optimized a multicomponent-based bioink formulation comprising alginate (ALG), gelatin (GEL), diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DCEL) and fibrinogen (FIB), termed as ALG-GEL-DCEL-FIB bioink for potential application in bioprinting and biofabrication of skin tissue equivalents. The designed formulation was extensively studied for its printability, physico-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties. Excellent printability, shape fidelity and cell-laden tissue equivalent printing were established using the RegenHu 3D Discovery Bioprinter. The human primary fibroblast and keratinocyte-laden bioprinted constructs exhibited good cell viability. Long term culture of 4 weeks comprising 5 days of air-liquid-interphase followed by 21 days of submerged culture produced biomimetic tissue histology in the ALG-GEL-DCEL-FIB bioink printed constructs. Specific epidermal-dermal marker expressions proving functionality were evident in immunohistochemical, biochemical and gene expression analysis. The ALG-GEL-DCEL-FIB bioink may be explored further for potential biofabrication and therapeutic applications.