Browsing by Author "Nishad, KV"

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    Development of an injectable bioactive bone filler cement with hydrogen orthophosphate incorporated calcium sulfate
    (J Mater Sci Mater Med., 2015-03) Sony, S; Suresh Babu, S; Nishad, KV; Varma, H; Komath, M
    Calcium sulfate cement (CSC) has emerged as a potential bone filler material mainly because of the possibility of incorporating therapeutic agents. Delivery of the cement through a needle or cannula will make it more useful in clinical applications. However, it was not possible to make CSC injectable because of the inherent lack of viscosity. The present work demonstrates the design development of a viscous and fully-injectable CSC by incorporating hydrogen orthophosphate ions, which does not hamper the biocompatibility of the material. The effect of addition of hydrogen orthophosphate on the rheological properties of the CSC paste was studied using a custom made capillary rheometer. The physicochemical changes associated with cement setting process were examined using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermal changes were measured through isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Micromorphological features of different compositions were observed in environmental scanning electron microscopy and the presence of phosphate ions was identified with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. The results indicated that HPO4 2− ions have profound effects on the rheological properties and setting of the CSC paste. Significant finding is that the HPO4 2− ions are getting substituted in the calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals during setting. The variations of setting time and compressive strength of the cement with the additive concentration were investigated. An optimum concentration of 2.5 % w/w gave a fully-injectable cement with clinically relevant setting time (below 20 min) and compressive strength (12 MPa). It was possible to inject the optimised cement paste from a syringe through an 18-gauge needle with thumb pressure. This cement will be useful both as bone filler and as a local drug delivery medium and it allows minimally invasive bone defect management.
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    Fabrication of co-cultured tissue constructs using a dual cell seeding compatible cell culture insert with a clip-on scaffold for potential regenerative medicine and toxicological screening application
    (Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2020-06) Ameer, JM; Ramesh Babu, V; Vinod, D; Nishad, KV; Sabareeswaran, A; Anil Kumar, PR; Kasoju, N
    Tissue engineering is emerging as a modern medicine fascination towards the establishment of human tissue banks; yet, these approaches typically involve cultures of only one type of cell and, therefore, do not recapitulate the native tissue physiology in toto. Co-culture models, comprised of different cell types, can potentially create the next level of complexity. However, conventional approaches involving multiple cell types and cell culture inserts do have limitations. To this end, here we demonstrate a novel cell culture insert that allows the use of any custom-made scaffold, free-flow of fluids/gases, dual cell seeding on either sides of the insert, easy stacking of multiple inserts and resizing it to any multi-well plate format as well as culture dishes. To prove the concept, electrospun silk fibroin scaffold was clipped onto the insert and was used for co-culturing of keratinocytes and fibroblast cells. The results indicated a successful fabrication of spatially organized skin tissue constructs having epidermal and dermal equivalent histology. Cell-laden inserts were stacked and used for simulated transportation studies. However, the conditions need further fine-tuning. All together, the results indicated that the novel cell culture insert with silk fibroin scaffold could be used as a facile, versatile and scalable approach to fabricate and transport 3D co-cultured tissue constructs in vitro, including but not limited to skin. The resultant tissue constructs can be explored for therapeutic applications, for instance as artificial skin substitute in wound healing, and for toxicological applications, for instance as reconstructed skin tissue model in skin irritation testing.