Browsing by Author "Umashankar, P. R."
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Item Endocardial endothelial cells stimulate proliferation and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts(CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS, 2007)Given that vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the modulation of vascular structure and function, we hypothesized that endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) may have a modulator role in regulating the cardiac interstitial cells. Endocardial endothelial cells were isolated from freshly collected pig hearts and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from 3- to 4-d-old Wistar rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of conditioned medium from EECs. Proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts was measured by the incorporation of [H-3]-Thymidine and collagen synthesis was assayed by the incorporation of [H-3]-Proline. To determine the involvement of signaling mediators, in separate experiments, cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with BQ123 (selective ETA receptor antagonist), PD142893 (nonselective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist), Bis-indolylmaleimide (PKC inhibitor), PD 098059 (MEK inhibitor), or neutralizing anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-antibody. Endocardial endothelium-derived factors endothelin (ET)-1, TGF-beta, and Angiotensin (Ang)-II in the conditioned medium were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercially available kits. We report here evidence that suggest that endocardial endothelial cells stimulate both proliferation and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts. The response seems to be mediated by endothelin through its ETA receptor.Our results also indicate that protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are essential for the EEC-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.Item Short duration gluteraldehyde cross linking of decellularized bovine pericardium improves biological response(JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A, 2011)Gluteraldehyde stabilized bovine pericardium is used for clinical application since 1970s because of its desirable features such as less immunogenicity and acceptable durability. However, a propensity for calcification and long term implant failure is reported because of gluteraldehyde treatment. There is also failure of implant to integrate into host tissue because of its resistance to tissue remodeling. Decellularized bovine pericardium, a potential alternative allows tissue remodeling but it has problems such as immunogenicity and chronic inflammatory response. In this study, decellularized bovine pericardium was subjected to short duration, low concentration gluteraldehyde cross-linking at two levels and its biological response (both in vitro and in vivo) was compared with un-crosslinked decellularized bovine pericardium and fully crosslinked normal bovine pericardium. It was observed that both un-crosslinked and partially crosslinked decellularized bovine pericardium to be non-cytotoxic and it caused significantly less inflammatory cytokine release such as TNF alpha and IL1beta from activated macrophages. Among all groups, short duration 0.2% Gluteraldehyde treated decellularized bovine pericardium showed significantly less antibody response and inflammatory response compared to un-crosslinked decellularized pericardium, short duration 0.6% gluteraldehyde treated decellularized bovine pericardium or completely cross linked bovine pericardium in juvenile rat subcutaneous implantation model. Moreover, short duration 0.2% gluteraldehyde crosslinked decellularized bovine pericardium showed minimum calcification, better host fibroblast incorporation, new collagen deposition and angiogenesis within the implant. These attributes may finally lead to better implant remodeling and sustained implant function during clinical use. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 97A: 311-320, 2011.