Browsing by Author "Vandana, U"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Antineoplastic effects of cassava-cyanide extract on human glioblastoma (LN229) cells
    (Toxicon, 2023-07) Sreejith, S; Joseph, T; Sangeetha, VP; Vandana, U; Joseph, X; Jayaprakas, CA; Mohanan, PV
    Several natural compounds reduce tumour cell growth and metastasis by inducing programmed cell death. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) contains cyanogenic glycosides such as, linamarin and lotaustralin, can be enzymatically cleaved by linamarase to release hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which can have therapeutic benefits against hypertension, asthma, and cancer. We have developed a technology for isolating bio-active principles from cassava leaves.The present study is designed to analyze the cytotoxic effect of cassava cyanide extract (CCE) against human glioblastoma cells (LN229). The treatment of CCE demonstrated a dose dependent toxicity on glioblastoma cells. At higher concentration tested, the CCE (400 μg/mL) was found to be cytotoxic, reducing the cell viability to 14.07 ± 2.15% by negatively influencing the mitochondrial activity, and lysosomal and cytoskeletal integrity. Coomassie's brilliant blue staining confirmed cells' morphological aberration after 24 h of treatment with CCE. Moreover, DCFH-DA assay and Griess reagent showed an increase in ROS but a decrease in RNS production at a concentration of CCE. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CCE interfered with G0/G1, S, and G2/M stages of the cell cycle of glioblastoma, and Annexin/PI staining indicated a dose-dependent increase in cell death, confirming the toxic nature of CCE on LN229 cells. These findings suggest that cassava cyanide extract has potential as an antineoplastic agent against glioblastoma cells, which is an aggressive and difficult-to-treat type of brain cancer. However, it is important to note that the study was conducted in vitro, and further research is necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of CCE in vivo. Additionally, it is essential to establish the optimal dose and potential side effects before considering its use as a therapeutic agent.
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    Biocompatibility of strontium incorporated ceramic coated titanium oxide implant indented for orthopaedic applications
    (Materials Science & Engineering B, 2021-02) Vandana, U; Nancy, D; Sabareeswaran, A; Remya, NS; Rajendran, N; Mohanan, PV
    Titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used materials for manufacturing orthopaedicimplants. Various surface modifications are done in titanium alloys to improve osseointegration as well as for long term success of endosseous implants. In the present study preclinical safety evaluation of two nanoporous mixed metal oxide bone implant materials, TiO2-Nb2O5 (TN) and Sr-HAP modified TN (TNS) were assessed by in vitro and in vivo methods. The surface morphological analysis of fabricated materials was done by XRD, IR and SEM. The biocompatibility evaluations performed were In vitro cytotoxicity tests using L929 cells, Assessment of hemolytic properties of materials and Test for local effects after implantation in bone as per international standards. The results of the study conclude that the materials, TN and TNS are non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic and biocompatible and can be used safely for orthopaedic applications.
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    Cellular and sub-chronic toxicity of hydroxyapatite porous beads loaded with antibiotic in rabbits, indented for chronic osteomyelitis
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2022-02) Vandana, U; Akhil, V; Suresh Babu, S; Francis, B; Sabareeswaran, A; Varma, HK; Mohanan, PV
    Bioceramics have emerged as a hopeful remedy for site-specific drug delivery in orthopaedic complications, especially in chronic osteomyelitis. The bioresorbable nature of bioceramic materials shaped them into a versatile class of local antibiotic delivery systems in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Hydroxyapatite (HA) based bioceramics with natural bone mimicking chemical composition are of particular interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, better osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties. Although HA has been widely recognized as an efficient tool for local delivery of antibiotics, information regarding its subchronic systemic toxicity have not been explored yet. Moreover, a detailed investigation of in vivo subchronic systemic toxicity of HA is critical for understanding its biocompatibility and futuristic clinical applications of these materials as novel therapeutic system in its long haul. Evaluation of biocompatibility and sub-chronic systemic toxicity are significant determinants in ensuring biomedical device’s long-term functionality and success. Sub-chronic systemic toxicity allows assessing the potential adverse effects caused by leachable and nanosized wear particles from the device materials under permissible human exposure to the distant organs that are not in direct contact with the devices. In this context, the present study evaluates the sub-chronic systemic toxicity of in-house developed Hydroxyapatite porous beads (HAPB), gentamicin-loaded HAPB (HAPB + G) and vancomycin- loaded HAPB (HAPB + V) through 4 and 26-week muscle implantation in New Zealand white rabbits, as per ISO 10993–6 and ISO 10993–11. Analysis of cellular responses of HAPB towards Human Osteosarcoma (HOS) cell line through MTT assay, direct contact cytotoxicity, live/dead assay based on Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) showed its non-cytotoxic behaviour. Histopathological analysis of muscle tissue, organs like heart, lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, adrenals, intestine, testes, ovaries, and uterus did not reveal any abnormal biological responses. Our study concludes that the HAPB, gentamicin-loaded HAPB (HAPB + G) and vancomycin-loaded HAPB (HAPB + V) are biocompatible and did not induce sub-chronic systemic toxicity and hence satisfies the criteria for regulatory approval of HAs as a plausible candidate for
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    Cytocompatibility of Pluronics F-127 on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells)
    (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022-05) Megha, KB; Swathi, S; Joseph, X; Vandana, U; Mohanan, PV
    Pluronics, due to its high water-soluble and thermoreversible ability, attracted much in biomedical applications. They are mainly utilized in drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue remodeling. The study aims to explore the cytocompatibility of Pluronics F-127, which has gained much popularity due to its various properties. The cells were exposed to varying concentrations of Pluronics F-127 in A549 cells for 24 h. According to the MTT and neutral red assay, A549 cells displayed dose-dependent cell viability. The cell's morphology was preserved after treatment, as seen in phase-contrast and Giemsa staining. When exposed to PF-127, lysosomal, cytoskeletal, and nuclear integrity were maintained. The percentage of live cells in all the treated groups was more significant than 90%, according to the live/dead flow cytometric analyses. The study identified the cytocompatibility of Pluronics F-127 required for the breakthrough in biomedical applications.
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    Development of a 3D multifunctional collagen scaffold impregnated with peptide LL-37 for vascularised bone tissue regeneration
    (Int J Pharm., 2024-01) Megha, KB; Syama, S; Sangeetha, VP; Vandana, U; Oyane, A; Mohanan, PV
    Bone is a highly dynamic connective tissue that provides structural support, locomotion and acts as a shield for many vital organs from damage. Bone inherits the ability to heal after non-severe injury. In case of severe bone abnormalities due to trauma, infections, genetic disorders and tumors, there is a demand for a scaffold that can enhance bone formation and regenerate the lost bone tissue. In this study, a 3D collagen scaffold (CS) was functionalized and assessed under in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this, a collagen scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite (Ap-CS) was developed and loaded with a peptide LL-37. The physico-chemical characterisation confirmed the hydroxyapatite coating on the outer and inner surfaces of Ap-CS. In vitro studies confirmed that LL-37 loaded Ap-CS promotes osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells without showing significant cytotoxicity. The efficacy of the LL-37 loaded Ap-CS for bone regeneration was evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks post-implantation by histopathological and micro-CT analysis in rabbit femur defect model. The implanted LL-37 loaded Ap-CS facilitated the new bone formation at 4 weeks compared with Ap-CS without LL-37. The LL-37 loaded Ap-CS incorporating apatite and peptide LL-37 would be useful as a multifunctional scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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    Effect of cyanide ions (CN-) extracted from cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) on Alveolar Epithelial Cells (A549 cells)
    (Toxicology, 2021-12) Joseph, T; Sreejith, S; Joseph, X; Sangeetha, VP; Prajitha, N; Vandana, U; Jayaprakas, CA; Mohanan, PV
    Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in tropical countries. It is a major source of cyanogenic glycosides viz. linamarin and lotaustralin, and these on breakdown liberate HCN and ketone. Cassava cyanide extract (CCE) from cassava leaves and tuber rinds were formulated as a biopesticide against certain borer insect pests of horticultural crops. Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) were treated with three different concentrations (100, 200, 400 ppm) of CCE. The MTT and NRU assays showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The DCFH-DA assay does not show any free radical scavenging activity, whereas the NRR assay showed a reduction in the nitrile radicals with an increase in the concentration of the bioactive compound. A negative correlation was found between the concentration of the bioactive principles and mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Various cellular assays demonstrated the cellular response of the CCE, and it was found that at higher concentration (400 ppm), the CCE exert a significant necrotic cell death rather than apoptosis. The results of the study indicated that the CCE have a remarkable tendency of anti-proliferative ability.
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    Safety of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide mist used in the disinfection gateway for COVID-19
    (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021-07) Mohanan, PV; Sangeetha, V; Sabareeswaran, A; Muraleedharan, CV; Jithin, K; Vandana, U; Varsha, SB
    Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive chemical used in a wide range of applications. Most importantly, it is used for sterilization process in health care environment. In the present study, safety assessment of 0.5% of H2O2 and its mist intended to be used in the disinfection gateway for COVID-19 was evaluated. Skin irritation and repeated-dose inhalation toxicity studies were carried out in rabbits and rats, respectively. In Skin irritation study, New Zealand white rabbits were exposed topically with 0.5% H2O2 solution and observed for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. For repeated-dose inhalation toxicity study, Wistar rats (both male and female) were exposed (whole body exposure) to 0.5% of H2O2 mist, at a concentration of 11.022 (low dose—2-min exposure), 22.044 (medium dose—4-min exposure), and 55.11mg/kg (high dose/high dose recovery—10-min exposure) body weight, daily for 7 days. Rats in the high-dose recovery group (55.11mg/kg—10-min exposure) were kept for another 7 days without any exposure. A toxicological evaluation was done based on general health parameters, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross necropsy, and histopathological data. The results of the study indicated that there was no skin irritation potential induced on exposure of 0.5% of H2O2 to rabbits. Similarly, the inhalation toxicity of 0.5% of H2O2 mist imparts no evidence of hematological, biochemical, gross pathology, or histopathological abnormalities in rats. Further, at the laboratory condition stimulated, the NOEL was found to be 55.11mg/kg body weight. Hence, the present study concluded that 0.5% H2O2 or its mist used in the disinfection gateway for COVID-19 failed to induce any skin irritation in rabbits or inhalation toxicity in rats.