Browsing by Author "Zhao, D"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    A cross sectional study of the microeconomic impact of cardiovascular disease hospitalization in four Low and Middle –Income Countrie
    (PLoS One, 2011) Huffman, MD; Rao, KD; Pichon-Riviere, A; Zhao, D; Harikrishnan, S; Ramaiya, K; Ajay, VS; Goenka, S; Calcagno, JI; Caporale, JE; Niu, S; Li Y; Liu, J; Thankappan, KR; Daivadanam, M; Esch, JV; Murphy, A; Moran, AE; Gaziano, TA; Suhrcke, M; Reddy, KS; Leeder, S; Prabhakaran, D
    OBJECTIVE: To estimate individual and household economic impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). BACKGROUND: Empirical evidence on the microeconomic consequences of CVD in LMIC is scarce. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We surveyed 1,657 recently hospitalized CVD patients (66% male; mean age 55.8 years) from Argentina, China, India, and Tanzania to evaluate the microeconomic and functional/productivity impact of CVD hospitalization. Respondents were stratified into three income groups. Median out-of-pocket expenditures for CVD treatment over 15 month follow-up ranged from 354 international dollars (2007 INT$, Tanzania, low-income) to INT$2,917 (India, high-income). Catastrophic health spending (CHS) was present in >50% of respondents in China, India, and Tanzania. Distress financing (DF) and lost income were more common in low-income respondents. After adjustment, lack of health insurance was associated with CHS in Argentina (OR 4.73 [2.56, 8.76], India (OR 3.93 [2.23, 6.90], and Tanzania (OR 3.68 [1.86, 7.26] with a marginal association in China (OR 2.05 [0.82, 5.11]). These economic effects were accompanied by substantial decreases in individual functional health and productivity. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in selected LMIC bear significant financial burdens following CVD hospitalization, yet with substantial variation across and within countries. Lack of insurance may drive much of the financial stress of CVD in LMIC patients and their families.
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    A Cross-Sectional Study of the Microeconomic Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization in Four Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    (PLOS ONE, 2011) Huffman, MD; Rao, KD; Pichon-Riviere, A; Zhao, D; Harikrishnan, S; Ramaiya, K; Ajay, VS; Goenka, S; Calcagno, JI; Caporale, JE; Niu, SL; Li, Y; Liu, J; Thankappan, KR; Daivadanam, M; van Esch, J; Murphy, A; Moran, AE; Gaziano, TA; Suhrcke, M; Reddy, KS; Leeder, S; Prabhakaran, D
    Objective: To estimate individual and household economic impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in selected low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Background: Empirical evidence on the microeconomic consequences of CVD in LMIC is scarce. Methods and Findings: We surveyed 1,657 recently hospitalized CVD patients (66% male; mean age 55.8 years) from Argentina, China, India, and Tanzania to evaluate the microeconomic and functional/productivity impact of CVD hospitalization. Respondents were stratified into three income groups. Median out-of-pocket expenditures for CVD treatment over 15 month follow-up ranged from 354 international dollars (2007 INT$, Tanzania, low-income) to INT$2,917 (India, high-income). Catastrophic health spending (CHS) was present in >50% of respondents in China, India, and Tanzania. Distress financing (DF) and lost income were more common in low-income respondents. After adjustment, lack of health insurance was associated with CHS in Argentina (OR 4.73 [2.56, 8.76], India (OR 3.93 [2.23, 6.90], and Tanzania (OR 3.68 [1.86, 7.26] with a marginal association in China (OR 2.05 [0.82, 5.11]). These economic effects were accompanied by substantial decreases in individual functional health and productivity. Conclusions: Individuals in selected LMIC bear significant financial burdens following CVD hospitalization, yet with substantial variation across and within countries. Lack of insurance may drive much of the financial stress of CVD in LMIC patients and their families.
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    Country actions to meet UN commitments on non-communicable diseases: a stepwise approach
    (LANCET, 2013) Bonita, R; Magnusson, R; Bovet, P; Zhao, D; Malta, DC; Geneau, R; Suh, I; Thankappan, KR; McKee, M; Hospedales, J; de Courten, M; Capewell, S; Beaglehole, R
    Strong leadership from heads of state is needed to meet national commitments to the UN political declaration on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to achieve the goal of a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025 (the 25 by 25 goal). A simple, phased, national response to the political declaration is suggested, with three key steps: planning, implementation, and accountability. Planning entails mobilisation of a multisectoral response to develop and support the national action plan, and to build human, financial, and regulatory capacity for change. Implementation of a few priority and feasible cost-effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of NCDs will achieve the 25 by 25 goal and will need only few additional financial resources. Accountability incorporates three dimensions: monitoring of progress, reviewing of progress, and appropriate responses to accelerate progress. A national NCD commission or equivalent, which is independent of government, is needed to ensure that all relevant stakeholders are held accountable for the UN commitments to NCDs.
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    Lancet NCD Action Group. Country actions to meet UN commitments on non-communicable diseases: a stepwise approach.
    (Lancet, 2013-02) Bonita, R; Magnusson, R; Bovet, P; Zhao, D; Malta, DC; Geneau, R; Suh, I; Thankappan, KR; McKee, M; Hospedales, J; de Courten, M; Capewell, S; Beaglehole, R