Fabrication and Characterization of Soy Protein/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration
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Date
2024-10
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Publisher
Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine
Abstract
Purpose
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that damages the periodontal tissue and leads to tooth loss. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a membrane-based method that prevents the down growth of epithelial and fibroblast cells and gradually restores the periodontal tissues. Currently, collagen membranes exist as the top choice in the field of GTR membranes. However, disease transmission, poor mechanical strength and unpredictable degradation limit its use. The main aim of the study is to fabricate a soy protein–based GTR membrane with good mechanical properties, cell barrier function, and cytocompatibility.
Methods
Soy protein isolate (SPI) was extracted from the seeds of Glycine max, and the membranes (SPG-1, SPG-2, and SPG-3) were fabricated using SPI, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glycerol (Gly) by aqueous solution casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, swelling analysis, and degradation studies of the membranes were carried out. Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were used for the direct contact test, MTT assay, live-dead, cell adhesion, and membrane barrier function experiments.
Results
SPG-1 membrane exhibited a rough surface and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower contact angle (68°) than SPG-3. SPG-1 showed a lower swelling (74.03%) and weight loss percentage (42.13%) (p ≤ 0.001) than SPG-2 and SPG-3. SPG-1 membrane exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher tensile strength of 5.7 MPa and suture pull-out strength of 9.04 N when compared with SPG-2 and SPG-3. SPG membranes were non-cytotoxic, cyto-compatible, and prevented the down growth of fibroblast cells.
Conclusion
SPG-1 membranes with 50% SPI stand out as a best candidate than other SPG membranes with better physiochemical properties. It favoured the growth and proliferation of hPDL cells and exhibited barrier properties.
Lay Summary
Periodontitis is a disease that affects the structure and function of the periodontal tissues, leading to teeth loss. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely accepted treatment using a barrier membrane. Three different composite GTR membranes of soy protein, polyvinyl alcohol, and glycerol were fabricated by the solvent casting method by varying the amount of soy protein isolate. Physiochemical characterization and in vitro studies with human periodontal ligament cells and fibroblast cells demonstrated the suitability of the material for periodontal defect management.
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Citation
Saranya CV, Bridget Jeyatha W, Deepu DR, Bhatt A, Lizymol PP. Fabrication and Characterization of Soy Protein/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration. Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. 2024 Oct 23. doi.org/10.1007/s40883-024-00366-w