Design of a Biomimetic Niche for Adult Progenitor Cell Selection and Differentiation
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Date
2011
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ADULT STEM CELL STANDARDIZATION
Abstract
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) contains a mixture of progenitor cells with potential to differentiate in to a wide range of lineages. Therefore, use of autologous progenitors from blood circulation could be a good treatment option, however; due to the limited numbers available, in vitro cell expansion may be crucial. Isolation of lineage committed progenitors for regenerative medicine is required because other contaminating cells may have adverse effect on the tissue of interest, however; obtaining pure population is often difficult due to the absence of appropriate surface markers. Therefore, anchorage dependent circulating progenitors could be allowed to home to cell-specific biomimetic niche on which only the specific cell type may home, survive and differentiate to the desired cell and multiply to get them in larger numbers. In the proof-of-concept presented here, each culture was started from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) on cell specific matrix compositions which consisted of adhesive proteins, growth factors and glycosaminoglcans. Three cell types of interest were endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle cell progenitors (SMPCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPC). Differentiation of EPC into endothelial cells (EC), SMPC to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and NPC to neurons were evaluated by their respective morphological characteristics and cell specific immuno cytochemical signatures. The EC that differentiated from EPC expressed vWF & endocytosed AcLDL, SMC that differentiated from SMPC expressed SMA and calponin. The neurons that were developed from NPCs expressed an early marker (beta-tubulin III) and a terminal marker (MAP-2). This chapter puts forward an approach of employing cell-specific niche for differentiation of PBMNC fraction of human blood into EC, SMC and neurons. The usefulness of the concept is established to harvest and multiply these progenitors in vitro to obtain sufficient number of required cell types which may find application in regenerative medicine.
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Cell Biology
Citation
1 ,;149-166