On the relevance and requirements of biomaterials
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Date
1999
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BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
Abstract
The technological orientation of current medical practice is reflected in the effective utilization of a number of diagnostic and therapeutic devices. Synthetic and natural biomaterials alone or in combination form the basis for development of such devices that are in contact with different tissues. The effect of materials on tissues and vice versa needs to be understood to ensure safety and effectiveness of the devices. This calls for biological evaluation of materials and devices, in addition to a spectrum of recommended toxicological testing of materials depending upon the duration and the type of tissue in contact with. Besides being non-toxic, the material is required to meet the functional requirements with the appropriate host response which is termed as biocompatibility. This paper reviews the evolution and the requirements of biomaterials. The in vitro and in vivo evolution methodologies are highlighted based on our experience in developing blood bag, dental composite, hydroxyapatite and fibrin glue. The requirements of biomaterials in the current context of advances in the fields of tissue engineering and biomimetics is outlined.
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Materials Science
Citation
22 ,3;647-655