Graphene−Gold NanohybridBased Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform on a Portable Easyto-Use Centrifugal Prototype for Liquid Biopsy Detection of Circulating Breast Cancer Cells
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Date
2021-11
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
Abstract
Although, cancer is considered as a localized disease in its premature stages, in certain types of cells, it results in metastasis, which accounts for over 90% of the total cancer deaths in the world. During the metastatic stage, cancer cells migrate from the primary tumor site to secondary sites through the circulating bloodstream, resulting in metastasis at unexpected body parts. This situation makes it critical to identify and quantify the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during the early stages of tumorigenesis. Despite the clinical importance and progress of liquid biopsy and CTC-based cancer diagnostics, it still remains extremely challenging to develop systems to detect CTCs in cancer patients as its presence is extremely low in number (1–10 CTCs per mL of blood plasma). In this article, we discuss about the design and fabrication of a robust and user-friendly custom-designed nanotag-enabled portable filter-based sensor system for the selective separation and isolation of circulating breast cancer cells from whole blood. The filter sensor platform basically consists of a centrifugal prototype to quickly transfer unprocessed blood samples up to 5 mL within 60 s, isolating the circulating breast cancer cells selectively over the anti-EpCAM antibody-immobilized polycarbonate (PC) filter. Moreover, it is also equipped with a sandwich complex of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag comprising a gold–graphene hybrid integrated with anti-ErbB2 antibody (Au-rGO@anti-ErbB2) for the SERS-assisted quantification of CTCs. As compared to the immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation platforms, the centrifugal force-based SERS nanotag enabled filter sensor system proved to be a clog free, highly sensitive, and selective platform toward the rapid isolation of viable breast cancer cells up to 5 tumor cells/mL from whole blood without any sample pretreatment. The high sensitivity, ease of use, and quick availability of results recommends the current filter sensor platform as a universal liquid biopsy technique for the quantification of CTCs.
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Metastasis, Cancer, Centrifugal prototype, Track-etched porous filter, Plasmonic hybrid, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Immunoassay, Graphene, Circulating tumor cells
Citation
Jibin K, Ramesh Babu V and Jayasree RS. Graphene−Gold NanohybridBased Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform on a Portable Easyto-Use Centrifugal Prototype for Liquid Biopsy Detection of Circulating Breast Cancer Cells. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering.. 2021 Nov;9(46):15496–15505