Evaluating systemic toxicity in Rabbits after acute ocular exposure to irritant chemicals.
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Date
2014
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Advances in Toxicology.
Abstract
Acute systemic toxicity via ocular exposure route is not a well understood aspect.Any material/drug/chemical that comes in contact
with the eye can evade the first pass metabolism and enter the systemic circulation through the conjunctival blood vessels or via
the nasolacrimal route. In this study, the effect of ocular irritant chemicals on the systemic toxicity was assessed in rabbit. Eyes
of rabbits were exposed to known ocular irritant (cetyl pyridinium chloride, sodium salicylate, imidazole, acetaminophen, and
nicotinamide) for 24 h and scored. After a period of 72 h, blood was collected from the animals for examining the hematological
and biochemical parameters.The animals were then sacrificed and the eyes were collected for histopathology and cytokine analysis
by ELISA. Splenocyte proliferation was assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. The liver and brain of the treated
animals were retrieved for evaluating oxidative damage. The chemicals showed moderate to severe eye irritation. Inflammation
was not evident in the histopathology but proinflammatory markers were significantly high. The splenocyte proliferation capacity
was undeterred. And there was minimal oxidative stress in the brain and liver. In conclusion, acute exposure of ocular irritants was
incapable of producing a prominent systemic side effect in the current scenario.
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Advances in Toxicology. 2014.