Browsing by Author "BALARAM, P"

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    ULTRASTRUCTURAL VARIATIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION RISK IN ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA
    (PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, 1993) KANNAN, S; BALARAM, P; PILLAI, MR; CHANDRAN, GJ; NAIR, MR; KARTHA, CC; AUGUSTINE, J; SUDHA, L; MANGALAM, MK
    Oral cancer is the most common malignancy in India, having a well defined precancerous state, leukoplakia. Various follow-up studies have shown that only 4 to 18% of oral leukoplakia lesions subsequently progress into invasive malignancy over a period of time. This study evaluates the potential of electron microscopy in the early detection of malignant changes in leukoplakia. The study revealed that of the 25 leukoplakia lesions examined, 7 showed changes akin to malignancy. Predominant ultrastructural alterations observed were reduplication and discontinuity of the basal lamina, basal cells with pleomorphic and bizarre nuclei containing perichromatin and interchromatin granules, prominent intercellular spaces and poorly formed desmosomes. Since none of these changes were evident under light microscopy the study demonstrates the value of electron microscopy in evaluating oral carcinogenesis. A long term follow-up of such patients is needed to understand the prognostic implications of these ultrastructural variation and how they can be used as a base line for better light microscopic evaluation.
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    ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ORAL SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA - A COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL TYPES
    (ORAL ONCOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PART B, 1994) KANNAN, S; KARTHA, CC; CHANDRAN, GJ; PILLAI, MR; SUDHA, L; NALINAKUMARI, KR; NAIR, MK; BALARAM, P
    Twenty-five oral carcinomas and five normal oral epithelial specimens were studied using light and electron microscopy. All histological types (well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma) were seen in the study sample. In addition, 1 case of carcinoma in situ was also present. The normal oral epithelium consisted of three keratinising types (gingiva) and two non-keratinising types (buccal mucosa). The ultrastructural features of oral carcinomas showed good correlation with the features seen in light microscopy. The differentiation status of the lesions showed a relationship with cell and nuclear size, tonofilament and keratin content as well as few other cellular abnormalities. It was also observed that the fine details revealed by electron microscopy were often a means of explaining the characteristic histopathological features of oral carcinoma.