Browsing by Author "Leji, B"

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    Determination of antioxidant defense mechanism after acute oral administration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in rats.
    (J Free Rad Antioxidants, 2014-03) Reshma, SC; Syama, S; Leji, B; Anju, M; Sreekanth, PJ; Varma, HK; Mohanan, PV
    Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HANPs) has various applications like bone grafting, dental fillings, in toothpastes and mouth washes for teeth remineralization, etc. Even though HANPs application is a widely investigated area of research, the toxicity aspect still remains largely unexplored. This study focuses on the acute oral toxicity of HANPs exposed to Wistar rats, as its prospective application involve exposure via the oral route. In-house synthesized HANPs (<50 nm) was administered to rats orally. Hematological and biochemical parameters were carried out in blood from these animals. After sacrifice, gross necropsy was conducted and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status was estimated in the liver. During the experimental period, no HANPs related toxicity was observed and the hematological and biochemical parameters remained similar to control. However, dose dependent LPO in liver but the resultant oxidative stress was combated by the cells innate antioxidant defense mechanisms, which was evident with the increase in activity. Even though no death or adverse toxic effects were observed in the acute oral toxicity (unclassified compound as per Globally Harmonized System for Classification for chemical substances and mixtures) according to OECD 423, there was a dose dependant increase in the oxidative stress.
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    Toxicity evaluation of dextran coated ferrite nanomaterials after acute oral exposure to Wistar rats.
    (J Allergy Ther, 2014) Syama, S; Reshma, SC; Leji, B; Anju, M; Sreekanth, PJ; Varma, HK; Mohanan, PV
    Dextran Coated Ferrite Nanomaterials (DFNM) of size <25 nm was synthesized, characterized and the acute oral toxicity along with antioxidant enzymes activities were evaluated in Wistar rats. The healthy adult rats were orally administered with 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight of DFNM using a gastric needle and observed for 14 days. None of the animals showed any adverse effects/toxicity at the end of observation period. After two weeks of administration, blood was collected and subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed and gross necropsy was done on all animals. Liver was dissected; homogenized (10% homogenate) and rate of formation of lipid peroxides were evaluated. In addition, the concentration of reduced glutathione and the activity of vital antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was determined. The result of the study indicates that even at 2000 mg/kg body weight, DFNM was non-toxic. It was also observed that there was a slight fluctuation in the level of antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, haematological and biochemical parameters but it was not significant. Hence, it can be concluded that the in-house synthesized DFNM was non-toxic and shows no lethal effects when orally exposed to rats.