Browsing by Author "Sakthikumar, D"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Item
    Evaluation of Toxicity of Maura Reduced Graphene Oxide using In vitro Systems
    (J Nanomed Nanotechnol., 2014) Cherian, RS; Sreejith, R; Syama, S; Sruthi, S; Gayathri, V; Maekawa, T; Sakthikumar, D; Mohanan, PV
    The intriguing properties of graphene has paved way for many potential biomedical applications like drug delivery, tissue engineered scaffold, bio sensing and so on. Here, we report the interaction of Maura reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) with the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), as there is a likelihood of graphene coming in contact with the blood through intentional or accidental exposure. MRGO was synthesized by reducing graphene oxide using Halomonas Maura and autoclaved subsequently to prevent microbial contamination. It was characterized by TEM, AFM and FITR. Initial cytotoxicity was conducted in L929 cells to get the dose response. Oxidative stress potential, effect on proliferative capacity, genotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in PBMNCs treated with MRGO were assessed. MRGO elicited a dose dependent ROS generation which promoted apoptosis in PBMNCs. Proliferation of these cells were also found to be hindered. However, MRGO did not induce genotoxicity and generation of reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion MRGO shows a dose dependent toxicity in cells, generating ROS, inducing apoptosis and affecting proliferation, which may be due to the loss of exopolysaccharide coating due to autoclaving. This study raises a serious concern regarding the in vivo biomedical application of MRGO, where IV and IP are the main routes of exposure. Further evaluation is required regarding the interaction of autoclaved MRGO with the blood cells.
  • Item
    Extremophilic polysaccharide nanoparticles for cancer nanotherapy and evaluation of antioxidant properties
    (International Journal of Biological Macromolecules., 2015-06) Sreejith, R; Vivekanandan, P; Yutaka, N; Takahiro, F; Seiki, I; Toshiaki, H; Toru, M; Yasushi, S; Mohanan, PV; Toru, Maekawa; Sakthikumar, D
    tPolysaccharides that show finest bioactivities and physicochemical properties are always promising forbionanoscience applications. Mauran is such a macromolecule extracted from halophilic bacterium,Halomonas maura for biotechnology and nanoscience applications. Antioxidant properties of MR/CHnanoparticles were studied using biochemical assays to prove the versatility of these test nanoparti-cles for biomedical applications. Here, we demonstrate the prospects of extremophilic polysaccharide,mauran based nanoparticles for scavenging reactive oxygen species in both in vitro and ex vivo conditions.5-fluorouracil loaded MR/CH nanoparticles were tested for anticancer proliferation and compared theirtherapeutic efficiency using breast adenocarcinoma and glioma cells. Fluorescently labeled nanoparticleswere employed to show the cellular uptake of these nanocarriers using confocal microscopic imaging andflow cytometry.
  • Item
    Nano-bio compatibility of PEGylated reduced graphene oxide on mesenchymal stem cells.
    (2D Materials, 2017-05) Syama, S; Aby, CP; Maekawa, T; Sakthikumar, D; Mohanan, PV
    Graphene, with its unique physico-chemical properties, has found widespread biomedical application. It is used as a carrier for drug or gene delivery, photothermal therapy, bioimaging, in antibacterial agents and for the development of biosensors. Besides this, graphene has the scope to be used for wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present study, polyethylene-glycol-(PEG)ylated reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) was synthesized, characterized, and its interaction with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied. in vitro cytotoxicity and differentiation study showed PrGO neither induced toxicity nor impaired the differentiation potential of the stem cells. PrGO was effectively internalized by MSCs and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. None of the PrGO was seen in the nucleus. Although it seems to induce increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside the cell, no change in cell proliferation or cellular function was observed. Hence it is recommended that the synthesized PrGO is applicable for tissue engineering, and can also be used as a substrate platform for stem cell culture and differentiation.
  • Item
    Quantum Dot Tailored to Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes: A Multifunctional Hybrid Nanoconstruct for Cellular Imaging and Targeted Photothermal Therapy
    (Small., 2014-04) Nair Lakshmi, V; Nagaoka, Y; Maekawa, T; Sakthikumar, D; Jayasree, RS
    Hybrid nanomaterial based on quantum dots and SWCNTs is used for cellular imaging and photothermal therapy. Furthermore, the ligand conjugated hybrid system(FaQd@CNT) enables selective targeting in cancer cells. The imaging capability of quantum dots and the therapeutic potential of SWCNT are available in a single system with cancer targeting property. Heat generated by the system is found to be high enough to destroy cancer cells.
  • Item
    Synthesis And Characterization of Pegylated Reduced Graphene Oxide: Determination of Toxicity Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    (Journal of Applied Chemical Science International., 2015-10) Syama, S; Reshma, S; Cherian, RS; Poulose, AC; Maekawa, TD; Sakthikumar, D; Mohanan, PV
    Graphene is novel class of carbon based nanomaterial that has several unique physico-chemical characteristics. These properties are being exploited in the biomedical field especially stem cell regenerative therapy. Due to their superior mechanical strength, ability to induce stem cell differentiation and proliferation and antibacterial properties, it is used as a coating for tissue engineered scaffolds. However there is a scarcity of literature on biocompatibility of graphene. The aim of this study is to synthesize PEGylated reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) and assess its biocompatibility in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PrGO was synthesized by reduction of graphene oxide and characterized using TEM, SAED, AFM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR. MSCs were subjected to characterization to evaluate their stemness. The characterized MSCs were exposed to varying concentration of PrGO and MTT assay was carried out. It was found that PEG was successfully coated on to rGO and MSCs maintained their stemness in vitro. Moreover, the PrGO was found to be biocompatible and increase proliferation of MSCs. In conclusion, in-house synthesized PrGO was found to be non toxic when exposed to MSCs. This study can help design PrGO for safe biomedical applications.
  • Item
    Toxicity of dextran stabilized fullerene C60 against C6 Glial cells
    (Brain Research Bulletin, 2020-01) Biby, TE; Prajitha, N; Ashtami, J; Sakthikumar, D; Maekawa, T; Mohanan, PV
    Elevated application potential of fullerene C60 paved the way to think on its adverse effect when it reaches to biological system and environment. Though fullerenes are insoluble in water, various strategies are employed to make it soluble. Method of solubilization with organic solvents, yield cytotoxic responses both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, dextran was used to stabilize C60 particle. Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transition electron microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization and it confirms effective surface stabilization and morphological characteristics. This was followed by various cytotoxicity studies to evaluate its bio-nano interactions. The results of the study suggest that the dextran stabilized C60 nanoparticles (Dex-C60) forms uniform suspension in water and was stable up to 72 h. The C6 glial cell-Dex-C60 interactions indicated that the Dex-C60 nanoparticles penetrate deeper into the cells and cause dose dependent toxic response. The result of the study recommended that Dex-C60 nanoparticles should undergo intensive risk assessment before biomedical applications and should take proper safety measure to avoid its entry to the environment.