Browsing by Author "Shenoy, SJ"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 27
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Anaesthetic regimen for coronary stenting in porcine model(INDIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, 2006) Harikrishnan, VS; Shenoy, SJ; Umashankar, PRCoronary stent is one of the medical devices that is used in the treatment of localized atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery. A suitable animal model is an essential step involved in stabilizing the safety and efficacy of implants. Swine is the animal model of choice for cardiovascular implantables (Francis et al., 1986; Martin et al., 1995 and Hughes, 1986), and is used as the animal model for coronary stent evaluation (Schulz et al., 2000). Since the normal porcine coronary artery is hypersensitive to surgical manipulations and anaesthetics (Michael et al., 1986), swine is prone to cardiac fibrillations and dysrhythmias. Halothane sensitizes the myocardium to endogenous catacholamines such as adrenaline, which can produce cardiac arrhythmias (Paddleford, 1984). An anesthetic technique found effective in performing coronary stenting with good results in 32 pigs is discussed in this article.Item Asialoglycoprotein receptor targeted optical and magnetic resonance imaging and therapy of liver fbrosis using pullulan stabilized multi-functional iron oxide nanoprobe(Scientific Reports., 2021-09) Saraswathy, A; Nazeer, SS; Nimi, N; Hema, S; Parvathy, RS; Jibin, K; Victor, M; Fernandez, FB; Sabareeswaran, A; Shenoy, SJ; Harikrishna Varma, PR; Jayasre, RSEarly diagnosis and therapy of liver fibrosis is of utmost importance, especially considering the increased incidence of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver syndromes. In this work, a systematic study is reported to develop a dual function and biocompatible nanoprobe for liver specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. A polysaccharide polymer, pullulan stabilized iron oxide nanoparticle (P-SPIONs) enabled high liver specificity via asialogycoprotein receptor mediation. Longitudinal and transverse magnetic relaxation rates of 2.15 and 146.91 mM−1 s−1 respectively and a size of 12 nm, confirmed the T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) efficacy of P-SPIONs. A current of 400A on 5 mg/ml of P-SPIONs raised the temperature above 50 °C, to facilitate effective hyperthermia. Finally, a NIR dye conjugation facilitated targeted dual imaging in liver fibrosis models, in vivo, with favourable histopathological results and recommends its use in early stage diagnosis using MRI and optical imaging, and subsequent therapy using hyperthermia.Item Bifunctional cysteine gold nanocluster for β-amyloid fibril inhibition and fluorescence imaging: A distinctive approach to manage Alzheimer's disease(Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2023-04) Resmi, AN; Rekha, CR; Dhushyandhun, ME; Sarathkumar, E; Shenoy, SJ; Gulia, KK; Jayasree, RSAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive complex neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment for AD. AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid plaques/fibrils. One major strategy for managing this disease is by slowing the progression of AD using different drugs which could potentially limit free-radical formation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and promote the survival of neurons exposed to β-amyloid. Inhibition of amyloid fibrillization and clearance of amyloid plaques/fibrils are essential for the prevention and treatment of AD. The thiophilic interaction between the side chain of an aromatic residue in a polypeptide and a sulphur atom of the compound can effectively inhibit amyloid fibril formation. In this work, we have synthesized cysteine-capped gold nanoclusters (Cy-AuNCs) which exhibit inherent red emission and can disintegrate amyloid fibrils through the aforementioned thiophilic interactions. Herein, we also used molecular docking to study the thiophilic interactions between the sulphur atom of Cy-AuNCs and the aromatic rings of the protein. Finally, the gold cluster was functionalized with a brain targeting molecule, Levodopa (AuCs-LD), to specifically target the brain and to facilitate passage through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Both Cy-AuNCs and AuCs-LD showed good biocompatibility and the inherent fluorescence properties of nanoclusters enabled real time imaging. The efficacy of the nanoclusters to disintegrate amyloid fibrils and their ability to cross the BBB were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo in the BBB model and the AD animal model respectively. Our results imply that nanoparticle-based artificial molecular chaperones may offer a promising therapeutic approach for AD.Item Biocompatibility property of 100% strontium-substituted SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5- CaO-CaF2 glass ceramics over 26 weeks implantation in rabbit model: Histology and micro-Computed Tomography analysis.(Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials., 2014-08) Basu, B; Sabareeswaran, A; Shenoy, SJOne of the desired properties for any new biomaterial composition is its long-term stability in a suitable animal model and such property cannot be appropriately assessed by performing short-term implantation studies. While hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass coated metallic biomaterials are being investigated for in vivo biocompatibility properties, such study is not extensively being pursued for bulk glass ceramics. In view of their inherent brittle nature, the implant stability as well as impact of long-term release of metallic ions on bone regeneration have been a major concern. In this perspective, the present article reports the results of the in vivo implantation experiments carried out using 100% strontium (Sr)-substituted glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5 SiO2–3Al2O3–1.5P2O5–3SrO–2SrF2 for 26 weeks in cylindrical bone defects in rabbit model. The combination of histological and micro-computed tomography analysis provided a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bone regeneration around the glass ceramic implants in comparison to the highly bioactive HA bioglass implants (control). The sequential polychrome labeling of bone during in vivo osseointegration using three fluorochromes followed by fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed homogeneous bone formation around the test implants. The results of the present study unequivocally confirm the long-term implant stability as well as osteoconductive property of 100% Sr-substituted glass ceramics, which is comparable to that of a known bioactive implant, that is, HA-based bioglass.Item Biocompatibility property of 100% strontium-substituted SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaO-CaF2 glass ceramics over 26 weeks implantation in rabbit model: Histology and micro-Computed Tomography analysis(JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS, 2015) Basu, B; Sabareeswaran, A; Shenoy, SJOne of the desired properties for any new biomaterial composition is its long-term stability in a suitable animal model and such property cannot be appropriately assessed by performing short-term implantation studies. While hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass coated metallic biomaterials are being investigated for in vivo biocompatibility properties, such study is not extensively being pursued for bulk glass ceramics. In view of their inherent brittle nature, the implant stability as well as impact of long-term release of metallic ions on bone regeneration have been a major concern. In this perspective, the present article reports the results of the in vivo implantation experiments carried out using 100% strontium (Sr)-substituted glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5 SiO2-3Al(2)O(3)-1.5P(2)O(5)-3SrO-2SrF(2) for 26 weeks in cylindrical bone defects in rabbit model. The combination of histological and micro-computed tomography analysis provided a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bone regeneration around the glass ceramic implants in comparison to the highly bioactive HA bioglass implants (control). The sequential polychrome labeling of bone during in vivo osseointegration using three fluorochromes followed by fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed homogeneous bone formation around the test implants. The results of the present study unequivocally confirm the long-term implant stability as well as osteoconductive property of 100% Sr-substituted glass ceramics, which is comparable to that of a known bioactive implant, that is, HA-based bioglass. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1168-1179, 2015.Item Blood brain barrier permeable gold nanocluster for targeted brain imaging and therapy: an in vitro and in vivo study.(Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2017-12) Nair, LV; Nair, RV; Shenoy, SJ; Thekkuveettil, A; Jayasree, RSBlood brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface, comprising polarized endothelial cells, that separates the brain from the circulatory system. The highly protective nature of this tight junction impairs diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. In this study, we designed a sub atomic size, near infrared emitting, dual function glutathione gold cluster with high fluorescence yield to facilitate permeability of BBB, for imaging applications and drug delivery. The gold cluster was then modified with Levodopa (L-dopa), to utilize the large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) pathways to enhance brain entry. Uptake and permeability of the nanoprobes were demonstrated using an established model of BBB, comprising brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). The uptake and the clearance of L-dopa modified cluster was faster than the glutathione cluster. L-Dopa modified cluster supports the slow and sustained delivery of a model drug, pilocarpine, to the brain. Results of in vivo imaging and drug release in normal mice hold promise for considering the probe for early diagnosis of brain diseases, when the barrier is not disrupted, and for subsequent drug treatment.Item Combinatorial Application of Hyaluronic Acid and Curcumin-Albumin Conjugate for Cartilage Repair in TNF- α Induced Inflammation in Rabbit Knee Joint(Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 2021-06) Sathee, D; Shenoy, SJ; Anil, A; Sabareeswaran, A; Krishnan, LKOsteoarthritis has emerged as a consequential disorder resulting from changing lifestyles, especially in the aged population. It is one of the most devastating degenerative joint diseases caused due to inflammation, wear and tear of articular cartilage leading to irreversible damage and physical trauma. Several intra-articular formulations are experimented with for restoring damaged cartilage. Many of them failed because of minimal effectiveness in establishing long-term therapeutic potential. We explored the cartilage regeneration potential of Hyaluronic acid (HA) on combining with dimethoxy curcumin-human serum albumin (DMCHSA) conjugate upon intra-articular administration. HA is known to possess immense lubrication property and is a well-recognized visco-supplement. The DMCHSA has the potential to suppress the action of inflammatory markers. So, a combinatorial approach anticipates an ideal therapeutic strategy to overcome the demerits of existing interventions. Intra-articular injection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), repeatedly at 7-day intervals disrupted the cartilage morphology and produced an inflammatory knee joint model to study the therapeutic potential of DMCHSA-HA combination. Into separate inflamed knee-joint cartilage HA, DMCHSA and DMCHSA-HA were administered periodically to highlight the advantage of mixing the latter with the former. Histopathology and gene expression analysis assessed the restoration potential of the treatment. We observed remarkable restoration of degenerated cartilage upon treatment with the DMCHSA-HA combination. The columnar arrangement of cells, regulated deposition of ECM components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) & collagen, and synchronized expressions of inflammatory marker molecules suggested restoration of the treated defects. The treatments with DMCHSA, HA, or HSA alone seemed inferior to DMCHSA-HA combination therapy. The study confirmed that the combination therapy restored the damaged cartilage to normalcy.Item Contact Guidance Mediated by Hybrid Thread Topography Enhances Osseointegration of As-machined Ti6Al4V Dental Implant.(Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine, 2023-03) Mishra, D; Neethu, RS; Shetty, V; Shenoy, SJ; Komath, M; Varma, HK; Sabareeswaran, A; Basu, BPurpose The main objective of this study is to investigate the key role of as-machined implant design features on the osseointegration. The bone regeneration ability of the newly developed Ti6Al4V hybrid threaded tapered implant without any surface modification has been validated and benchmarked against Straumann® implant (control) in the rabbit model for 12 weeks. Material and Methods The test and control implants were implanted in the femur medial condyle of twelve adult New Zealand white rabbits on the contralateral limbs; each femoral medial condyle received a test or control implant randomly. The bone formation and osseointegration around the implants were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using histology, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), molecular gene studies, and histomorphometric analysis after 12 weeks of implantation. Results The overall assessment suggests homogenous and continuous neobone formation and osseointegration around the hybrid threads of the test implants. Superior bone-to-implant contact percentage (BIC) was observed in the case of hybrid threaded test implants with an average value of 80.8%, compared to 67.1% for the control implant. Upregulated expression of osteogenic (COL1A1, RUNX2, SPARC, and SPP1) and angiogenic (VEGF) genes in the case of test implant indicates better coupled osseointegrationa and angiogenesis. Conclusion It can be concluded that the extent of neobone formation and expression of the osteogenic/angiogenic genes is positively correlated with optimal design features of the implant, which leads to the contact guidance of the osteoblasts on the implant surface. The study also advocates that the novel tapered multithreaded implant design concept alone, without any surface modification, can facilitate osseointegration in a manner better than clinically used surface-modified implants. Lay Summary Dental implants are artificial tooth roots and are used to treat complete or partial toothlessness. The new implant design concept reported here is expected to support both soft tissue and hard tissue attachment and to improve primary stability. This study unraveled the effect of the novel external hybrid thread design on the implant integration with the surrounding bone. This aspect was validated in the rabbit model and benchmarked against the commercially available Straumann® implant. This study has unambiguously demonstrated the ability of as-machined Ti implants to facilitate better new bone and new blood vessels formation than the commercial implant.Item Fluorescence spectroscopy as an efficient tool for staging the degree of liver fibrosis: an in vivo comparison with MRI(Sci Rep. 2018, 2018-07) Nazeer, SS; Saraswathy, A; Shenoy, SJ; Jayasree, RSThe study utilizes autofuorescence spectroscopy (AFS) along with multivariate spectral analysis for diferentiating various stages of hepatic fbrosis. AFS has recently emerged as an efcient tool for evaluating the variations in diferent endogenous furophores. In this study, the potential of AFS for diferentiating the stages of liver fbrosis is assessed and compared with the results of enzyme evaluation, histopathology and the most advanced diagnostic tool, MRI. Using a fber optic probe, the emission profle of the furophores such as favin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), lipofuscin-like lipopigments (lipopigments), porphyrins and the variation in the total hemoglobin concentration are evaluated in vivo on liver fbrosis induced animal models adopting a minimally invasive technique. Signifcant diference (p<0.05) in the level of these biomarkers was observed between diferent stages of liver fbrosis. Normal hepatic tissue could be distinguished from mild and moderate hepatic fbrosis with a sensitivity of 95 to 100% and specifcity of 90 to 100% using multivariate spectral analysis. The results are favourable to consider this technique as a potential tool for diagnosing liver fbrosis at an early stage, which is monumental as it otherwise can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.Item Fluorescent carbon dots tailored iron oxide nano hybrid system for in vivo optical imaging of liver fibrosis(Methods and Applications in Fluorescence, 2023-03) Nazeer, SS; Saraswathy, A; Nimi, N; Sarathkumar, E; Resmi, AN; Shenoy, SJ; Jayasree, RSHybrid nanoparticles are innovative invention of last decade designed to overcome limitations of single-component nanoparticles by introducing multiple functionalities through combining two or more different nanoparticles. In this study, we are reporting development of magneto-fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles by combining iron oxide and carbon nanoparticles to enablein vivofluorescence imaging which also has all the required characteristic properties to use as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agent. In order to achieve dual-functional imaging, alginate and pullulan coated super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ASPION and PSPION) and Carbon dots (Cdts) were synthesised separately. ASPIONs and PSPIONs were further chemically conjugated with Cdts and developed dual-functional nanohybrid particles ASPION-Cdts and PSPION-Cdts. Subsequently, evaluation of the materials for its size, functionalisation efficiency, fluorescence and magnetic properties, biocompatibility and cellular uptake efficiency has been carried out. Fluorescence imaging of liver fibrosis was performedin vivoin rodent model of liver fibrosis using the two nanohybrids, which is further confirmed by high fluorescence signal from the harvested liver.Item Long-term healing of mildly cross-linked decellularised bovine pericardial aortic patch(JBMR-part B, 2016-08) Umashankar, PR; Sabareeswaran, A; Shenoy, SJ: Glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium is extensively used in cardiovascular surgery. However, frequent occurrence of failure modes, such as calcification and structural failure, has hard pressed the need for finding an alternate technology. Decellularized bovine pericardium is an emerging technology. Mildly cross-linked decellularized bovine pericardium promotes positive remodeling with insignificant calcification and acute inflammation. In the present study, mildly cross-linked decellularized bovine pericardium was evaluated as a cardiovascular patch by studying mechanical strength as well as graft remodeling, resistance to calcific degeneration and inflammatory response using long duration porcine aortic implantation. It was observed that decellularized bovine pericardium, although thinner and less elastic had equivalent tensile properties such as tensile strength and stiffness when compared to commercially available glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium. It showed the potential for site appropriate remodeling evidenced by host cell incorporation, thinner neointima, graft degradation, and neocollagenisation making it suitable for vascular patch application, whereas glutaraldehyde-treated pericardium failed to integrate with host tissue through timely degradation and host cell incorporation or neocollagenization. Conversely, it elicited persistent acute inflammation and produced calcification. VC 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000–000, 2016.Item Luminescent Gold Nanorod to enhance the NIR emission of Photosensitizer for Targeted Cancer Imaging and Dual therapy: Experimental and Theoretical Approach.(Chemistry:A European Journal., 2019-11) Nair, RV; Nair, LV; Govindachar, DM; Santhakumar, H; Nazeer, SS; Rekha, CR; Shenoy, SJ; Periyasamy, G; Jayasree, RSThe strong plasmon absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) region render gold nano rods (GNR) amenable for biomedical applications, particularly for photo‐thermal therapy. However, these nanostructures have not been explored for their imaging potential because of their weak emission profile. In this study, the weak fluorescence emission of GNR is tuned to match with the absorption of a photosensitizer molecule (PS), and the energy transfer from GNR to PS enhances emission profile of GNR‐PS combination. GNR complexes generally quench the fluorescence emission of nearby chromophores. However, in the present study, through a competition of energy transfer, the complex retains or rather enhances the fluorescence. The excitation dependent energy transfer has been explained experimentally and theoretically using DFT calculations and CIE chromaticity diagram and power spectrum. The final GNR‐PS complex modified for tumor specificity serves as an excellent organ specific theranostic probe for bioimaging and dual modal therapy, both in vitro and in vivo. Principal component analysis designates photodynamic therapy as a better candidate than the photothermal therapy for long term efficacy, in vivo.Item Magnetic nanoparticles for liver imaging.(Nature India. 2013, 2013-12) Saraswathy, A; Nazeer, SS; Nimi, N; Arumugam, S; Shenoy, SJ; Jayasree, RSItem Multifunctional hybrid nanoconstruct of zerovalent iron and carbon dots for magnetic resonance angiography and optical imaging: An In vivo study(Biomaterials, 2018-07) Nimi, N; Saraswathy, A; Nazeer, SS; Francis, N; Shenoy, SJ; Jayasree, RSIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadolinium (Gd) complexes are very often used as contrast agents to enhance the signal from soft tissue deformities and vascular anomalies, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The safety concern of using Gd complexes in renally compromised patients pose limitations on its application. To overcome this scenario, we introduce a nontoxic zerovalent iron based nanoparticle as a novel contrast agent for MR angiography and a hybrid version of the same to serve as a dual function contrast agent for targeted liver imaging. The synthesized zerovalent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles after citrate stabilization (C@ZVI) had an average size of 10 nm and exhibited paramagnetic property which is a prerequisite for a positive MRI contrast agent. The longitudinal magnetic relaxivity, r1 of C@ZVI was 4.93 mM-1s-1 which is much higher than that of clinically used Gd based agent, gadoterate meglumine (3.6 mM-1s-1). For multimodal imaging of the liver, initially the ZVI nanoparticle was tailored with a highly liver specific polysaccharide pullulan, and later with fluorescent carbon dots (Cdts) facilitating both optical and MR imaging. The magnetic relaxivity was retained in P@ZVI-Cdts for T1 contrast imaging with an r1 value of 3.48 mM-1s-1. The in vivo MR angiogram using C@ZVI and the liver targeted MRI and optical imaging using P@ZVI-Cdts were successfully demonstrated proving their potential as MRA contrast agent and a liver specific multimodal imaging agent.Item Near infrared-emitting multimodal nanosystem for in vitro magnetic hyperthermia of hepatocellular carcinoma and dual imaging of in vivo liver fibrosis(Scientific Reports, 2023-08) Nazeer, SS; Saraswathy, A; Nimi, N; Santhakumar, H; Radhakrishnapillai Suma, P; Shenoy, SJ; Jayasree, RSProlonged usage of traditional nanomaterials in the biological field has posed several short- and long-term toxicity issues. Over the past few years, smart nanomaterials (SNs) with controlled physical, chemical, and biological features have been synthesized in an effort to allay these challenges. The current study seeks to develop theranostic SNs based on iron oxide to enable simultaneous magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for chronic liver damage like liver fibrosis which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. To accomplish this, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were prepared, coated with a biocompatible and naturally occurring polysaccharide, alginate. The resultant material, ASPIONs were evaluated in terms of physicochemical, magnetic and biological properties. A hydrodynamic diameter of 40 nm and a transverse proton relaxation rate of 117.84 mM−1 s−1 pronounces the use of ASPIONs as an efficient MRI contrast agent. In the presence of alternating current of 300 A, ASPIONs could elevate the temperature to 45 °C or more, with the possibility of hyperthermia based therapeutic approach. Magnetic therapeutic and imaging potential of ASPIONs were further evaluated respectively in vitro and in vivo in HepG2 carcinoma cells and animal models of liver fibrosis, respectively. Finally, to introduce dual imaging capability along with magnetic properties, ASPIONs were conjugated with near infrared (NIR) dye Atto 700 and evaluated its optical imaging efficiency in animal model of liver fibrosis. Histological analysis further confirmed the liver targeting efficacy of the developed SNs for Magnetic theranostics and optical imaging as well as proved its short-term safety, in vivo.Item A new concept in the sewing rings of mechanical heart valves(. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann., 2012-04) Kurian, MV; Umashankar, PR; Sabareeswaran, A; Shenoy, SJ; Subban, V; Joseph, MKBACKGROUND: Valve-associated complications challenge the quality of life and longevity after heart valve replacement. Inappropriate healing may be a contributing factor. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new design mechanical heart valve in an animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS: The new valve was fabricated by substituting the sewing ring with an inbuilt suture ridge and an overlying fabric flap. It improved the effective orifice area. Animal experiments were performed on pigs to compare this valve with standard valve models. The animals were kept on dual antiplatelet drugs. Six of the 8 test animals survived the observation period of 140 days compared to 2 of the 6 controls. Among the test valves, one had thrombosis and 3 had significant tissue hyperplasia, whereas 5 control valves had thrombosis associated with significant tissue hyperplasia. Three test valves had paravalvular defects compared to none in the control group. Histology showed good tissue incorporation of the fabric flap of the test valves, whereas the control valves had tissue infiltration limited to the peripheral fabric layer of the sewing ring. CONCLUSION: The new valve has improved effective orifice area, and the animal study showed better survival, good healing, and a lower incidence of thrombosis and tissue hyperplasia.Item Octreotide-conjugated fluorescent PEGylated polymeric nanogel for theranostic applications(Materials Science and Engineering, 2017-03) Vijayan, VM; Shenoy, SJ; Jayabalan, MTargeted nanocarriers can significantly increase the efficiency of therapeutic formulations by ensuring the site specific delivery of the cargo. Here in, we report a novel actively targeted fluorescent nanogel, PMB-OctN, based on photoluminescent comacromer [PEG-maleic acid-4 aminobenzoic acid], diethylene glycoldimethacrylate and octreotide. The nanogel has spherical morphology with average particle size around 40 nm. The PMB-OctN can load 78% of anticancer drug and release for 5 days and beyond in a sustained way. The studies on drug delivery of doxorubicin from PMB-OctN carried out with cervical cancer cells. Hela revealed appreciable therapeutic capability. The studies on cellular uptake of the nanogel revealed increased cellular uptake when compared to the nontargeted nanogel. The study on fluorescence bioimaging of the PMB-OctN in mice has demonstrated near-IR imaging capability. Then biodistribution studies of the PMB-OctN in mice have also revealed longer in vivo circulation lifetime. Taken together, these results suggest that the synthesized actively targeted nanogel, PMB-OctN stands as a promising candidate for theranostic applications. As octreotide based therapeutic formulation are already used in clinics, this newly reported strategy of near-IR fluorescence labeling of octreotide has important clinical relevance.Item Ocular Surface Regeneration using Bioengineered Cell Construct(TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A, 2015) Kumar, PRA; Shenoy, SJ; Kumary, TV; Chitra, R; Tilak, P; Nithya, J; Sreenivasan, K; Sabareeswaran, A; Vinod, D; Bernadette, MKItem Optically Controlled Hybrid Metamaterial of Plasmonic Spiky Gold Inbuilt Graphene Sheets for Bimodal Imaging Guided Multimodal Therapy(Journal of Biomaterials Science, 2020-05) Jibin, K; Prasad, J; Saranya, G; Shenoy, SJ; Maiti, KK; Jayasree, RSThe development of multifunctional molecular diagnostic platforms for the concordant visualization and treatment of diseases with high sensitivity and resolution has recently become a crucial strategy in cancer management. Thus, engineering functional metamaterials with high therapeutic and imaging capabilities to elucidate diseases from their morphological behaviors to physiological mechanisms is an unmet need in the current scenario. Here, we report the design of a unique hybrid plasmonic nanoarchitecture for targeted multiple phototherapies of breast cancer by simultaneous real-time monitoring through fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques. The nanoframework consisted of plasmonic gold-graphene hybrids tethered with folic acid-ligated chitosan-modified photosensitizer (PpIX) to afford target-specific localized photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The hybrid vehicle also served as an excellent nanocarrier for the efficient loading and stimuli-responsive release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, thereby forming a trimodal nanomedicine against cancer. The cytotoxic effects induced by the cumulative action of the triplet therapeutic tools were visualized through both fluorescence and SERS imaging channels. Moreover, it also generated synchronized therapeutic effects resulting in the effective regression of tumor volume without propagating any toxic effects to other organs of the animals. Taken together, by virtue of strong light–matter interactions, the nanoprobe showed enhanced photoadsorption, which facilitated amplified light-reactive therapeutic and imaging efficacies along with targeted and enhanced chemotherapy, both in vitro and in vivo, which may offer promising outcomes in clinical research.Item Preclinical evaluation of hydrogel sealed fluropassivated indigenous vascular prosthesis(Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2018-03) Unnikrishnan, M; Umashankar, PR; Viswanathan, S; Savlania, A; Joseph, R; Muraleedharan, CV; Agrawal, V; Shenoy, SJ; Krishnan, LK; Mohanan, PV; Sabareeswaran, ABackground & objectives: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) graft, designed and developed at our institute for vascular reconstruction, is porous to promote optimal incorporation and neointima formation, requiring pre-clotting or biomodification by sealing the pores before implantation. The objective of this study was to characterize, test and perform preclinical evaluation of hydrogel (alginate dialdehyde cross-linked gelatin) sealed fluoropassivated PET vascular prosthesis in pig model, so as to avoid pre-clotting, for its safety and efficacy before employing the indigenous and less expensive graft for clinical use. Methods: Hydrogel sealed, fluoropassivated PET vascular prosthesis were tested for haemocompatibility and toxicity followed by small animal toxicology tests and in vivo experiments in pigs receiving implantation at thoracic aorta. All 33 animals received test as well as control grafts with a plan for phased explantation at 2, 12 and 26 weeks. All animals underwent completion angiogram at the end of procedure as well as before graft explantation. Results: Haemocompatibility tests for haemolysis and toxicity tests showed no adverse events in tested mice and rabbits. Completion angiogram showed intact anastamosis and patent graft in each animal in post-operative period and at explantation. Gross and histopathological examination showed wellencapsulated grafts, clean glistening neointima and no evidence of thrombus in both test and control grafts. Interpretation & conclusions: Hydrogel sealed, fluoropassivated PET vascular prosthesis was found non-toxic, haemocompatible and remained patent in in vivo studies at planned intervals.