Academic Presentations

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    Right ventricular outflow tract stenting
    (SCTIMST, 2023-12-30) Krishnamoorthy, KM
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    Cryoablation
    (SCTIMST, 2023-12-30) Narayanan Namboodiri, KK
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    Molecular Genetic testing and research activities
    (SCTIMST, 2024-01-06) Madhusoodanan, UK
    The discussion will focus on various current activities related to molecular genetics diagnostic tests and research publications. Specifically, we will address ongoing diagnostic tests, research publications, externally funded research initiatives, and future plans. The following activities will be discussed in detail: • Sanger sequencing tests • Streamlining DNA extraction protocol designed for DNA biobank and Sanger sequencing. • Modified lysosomal glucocerebrosidase assay for predicting lysosomal function in Parkinson’s disease (ICMR funded) • Exosomal miRNAs and proteins as markers for Parkinson’s disease (ICMR funded) • Collaborative research work and future directions
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    Security in Hospital Information Systems (HIS)
    (SCTIMST, 2024-01-20) Geetha, G
    The Security and Safety of Hospital Information Systems have emerged as a global healthcare challenge. This is because of the progress from the initial independent software applications to a highly interconnected ecosystem of systems with intricate data flow. Data flow not only occurs between medical devices but also flows between the medical devices and the Hospital Information System (HIS). With the introduction of Electronic Medical Records (EMR), the requirement for information sharing has increased for patient care and research. Due to this, HIS managers have to pay special attention to the security and confidentiality of information systems. This talk aims to suggest simple methods that can be utilized to maintain the status of hospital information security in terms of administrative, technical, and physical safeguards in the hospitals.
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    Management of Beneficiary Schemes – MRD Perspective
    (SCTIMST, 2024-01-20) Christudas, J
    The discussion will focus on various activities of Medical records department related to Management of patient Beneficiary Schemes for accurate and efficient revenue cycle while minimizing denied claims. It involves initial patient registration to denial Management each stage plays a vital role in ensuring the financial wheels keep turning smoothly. The following activities will be discussed in detail: • Beneficiary Identification • Transaction Management System • Claim submission, and • Denial Management.
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    Role of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Interventional Cardiology
    (SCTIMST, 2024-02-03) Sravan Kumar, G
    OCT is a relatively newer modality of Intravascular imaging helpful in imaging coronary arteries. Resolution of OCT is up to the tune of 10-15 microns, so it is helpful in imaging Coronary Intima & media clearly and helps in the categorization of plaque morphology by differentiating lipid, fibrous, and calcific plaques which is essential in choosing appropriate intervention strategies for optimization of coronary angioplasty ( Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) results. OCT helps in finding out the pathophysiological mechanism of Acute Coronary syndromes, based on which the management strategy may alter from intervention to aggressive medical management and vice versa. During PCI, helps in selecting appropriate size stents, and detecting any procedural complications and is found to improve the procedural outcomes. We present how OCT imaging helps in the above situations by demonstrating few interesting clinical cases where OCT was helpful in the management of patients.
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    3D electroanatomic mapping; clinical applications and role in life threatening arrhythmias
    (SCTIMST, 2024-02-03) Jyothi Vijay, MS
    3D electroanatomical mapping is an invasive procedure used in cardiac Electrophysiology for identifying the mechanisms, circuits and treat various cardiac arrhythmias. SCTIMST Electrophysiology has a pioneering role as well as one of the high volume centre in 3D mapping and ablation of Cardiac arrhythmias in the country. On a day to day practice, this constitutes about 20-25% of work in our Electrophysiology lab, yet this technology remains elusive. The principle and clinical applications of 3D electroanatomical mapping is reviewed. Few illustrative examples of potential role in life threatening cardiac conditions will be discussed. The potential for research and future directions will be discussed.
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    Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: indications, technique and outcomes
    (SCTIMST, 2024-02-03) Deepa S, Kumar
    Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement is a novel modality of treatment for pulmonary regurgitation or right ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Varying degrees of pulmonary regurgitation develops in nearly all the patients who undergo intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot, with resultant right ventricular dilatation. Percutaneous PVR offers a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of this condition. We share our experience of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with both balloon and self-expandable valves.
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    Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation: Expanding Applications, Precision, and Cost-Effectiveness
    (SCTIMST, 2024-02-17) Asish, Vijayaraghavan
    Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is currently the standard of care for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease with motor complications and selected forms of generalised dystonias and medically refractory essential tremors. The therapeutic power of neuromodulation comes from targeting and modulating a specific network. The majority of implanted neuromodulation devices currently operate in an “open-loop” mode of operation, providing a train of impulses to a particular anatomic target continuously or on a fixed duty cycle. DBS has continued to evolve with several advancements and ongoing research. Newer developments include “closed-loop systems” that adapt stimulation in real-time and “Directional stimulation” that allows for more precise targeting of specific brain regions while minimizing stimulation of surrounding areas. Implementing DBS encounters obstacles in developing nations. The Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology is at the forefront of exploring cutting-edge developments in DBS technology. Additionally, we are expanding our scope by offering DBS treatments for conditions beyond Parkinson's disease like generalised dystonia, and Tourette syndrome. We also collaborate closely with the Biomedical Technology Wing to develop indigenous hardware aimed at enhancing cost-effectiveness in DBS procedures.
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    Assessment of diabetes-related distress among patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus attending cardiology units of a tertiary level hospital- A cross-sectional study.
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-02) Suja Raj, L
    A person living with diabetes requires significant lifestyle changes to achieve their glycemic targets and avoid its complications. These demands can be frustrating and overwhelming, which affects the physical, psychological, and social aspects of everyday life, known as "Diabetes distress." A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 Type 2 DM patients to estimate the prevalence of diabetes-related distress (DRD) and determine the associated socio-demographic and disease-related factors. Data was collected using the standardized tool- Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17). The details of the study and results will be presented
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    Case Report of a child with Transposition of Great Arteries(TGA) with regressed Left Ventricle (LV) who underwent Arterial Switch Operation(ASO)
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-02) Anjusha, M
    TGA with regressed LV is a challenging situation for a congenital heart surgery ICU team. Expertise nursing care forms an integral part in the patient outcome. The child underwent Arterial Switch Operation under ECMO standby and had gone through several challenges in the postoperative period and was successfully discharged to home. Knowledge, skill, commitment and teamwork make the congenital heart surgery a success thereby saving small hearts.
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    Sleep Research Perspectives
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-16) Kamalesh K, Gulia
    Sleep is an indispensable component of our life. However, it is becoming a growing challenge to get good sleep in the current changing lifestyle, which is loaded with artificial light and several other factors. In the Division of Sleep Research, both basic and applied research are carried out to understand the mechanism and effects of restriction of different components of sleep on cognition and overall health in different age groups. The elegant data on sleep restriction during pregnancy on the neurocognitive development of offspring will be described. This facility, which started in 2009, is one of the unique, highly specialized, state-of-the-art sleep research facilities in the BMT wing. Sleep studies are conducted to explore non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality based on electrophysiological parameters. The findings of pre-clinical research translating into applied research will be reflected through the current ongoing projects with an insight on future trends.
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    Gross and histopathology of tissue - material interface in biocompatibility evaluation of biomaterials and medical devices- Part-I
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-16) Sabareeswaran, A
    Safety evaluation is a critical component in medical device development. Biological evaluation should be carried out to identify the biological risk of biomaterials intended for medical devices after physicochemical characterization. Biocompatibility evaluation is a comprehensive terminology that broadly comprises in-vitro and in-vivo biological evaluations such as cytotoxicity tests, blood-material interactions, toxicological evaluation, etc. Testing for local effects after implantation is a major indicator for any candidate biomaterial safety, which is carried out in an appropriate animal model. The test sample is implanted into a site and animal species appropriate for the evaluation of the biological safety of the material. At the histopathology laboratory, we have tested metal, polymer, ceramic and composite biomaterials over the years as short and long-term implantation studies in rat and rabbit animal models. Gross and Histology images of compatible and non-biocompatible tissue response from intramuscular, subcutaneous and bone implantation in rabbit model and their relevance will be presented. The temporal variations of tissues responses and stages of foreign body reaction will be discussed. Specimen preparations, both soft and hard tissues starting from grossing, tissue processing, embedding, microtomy will be discussed. Gross and Histopathology evaluation of Chitra-TTK mechanical heart valve evaluated in-house in ovine(Sheep) and swine(Pig) model will be presented.
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    Giant Intradural Vertebral Artery Aneurysms with Mass Effect
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-30) Adarsh, Anil Kumar
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    Unbled Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations on Conservative Followup: Clinico-morphological Features, Natural History and Outcomes
    (SCTIMST, 2024-03-30) Adarsh, Anil Kumar
    Introduction: ARUBA trial was the first randomised controlled clinical trial assessing the outcomes from medical management with interventional therapy versus medical management alone, in patients diagnosed with an unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. Detailed long term natural history of unbled untreated arteriovenous malformations and its correlation with clinicomorphological features has not been studied widely, especially from our subcontinent. Moreover, quality of life in these patients on conservative management is often not addressed adequately in many studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mortality rate in unruptured AVM patients, who were managed conservatively on long term follow up, and additionally used a standard questionnaire to assess the QOL in these patients. Evaluation of primary outcome {death from any cause or symptomatic stroke (haemorrhage or infarction)} and secondary outcomes {neurological disability (Modified Rankin Scale ≥2) and other neurological symptoms} on long term followup have also not been extensively evaluated.
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    Epilepsy-associated lesions: Surgical Pathology
    (SCTIMST, 2024-04-06) Rajalakshmi, P
    Epilepsy is a complex disease and is caused by a variety of lesions that fall under various aetiologies such as malformative, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune-mediated and neoplastic aetiologies. Patients’ evaluation and management require an interdisciplinary approach with the involvement of clinical assessment, electrophysiology, imaging and pathology. Definitive surgeries are offered to patients with poor response to anti-seizure medications and to those with a focal lesion. As Pathologists, we receive tissue samples from surgical resections of the epileptogenic focus. The most common lesions that are diagnosed histopathologically are hippocampal sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasias and neoplasms. This talk will give an overview of the various lesions that a neuropathologist encounters in the surgical samples of epilepsy-related disorders. How the samples are processed and assessed will be illustrated.
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    Utility of interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization for diagnosis of brain tumors
    (SCTIMST, 2024-04-06) Deepti, AN
    Brain tumours are classified as per the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. This latest edition of CNS tumors incorporates molecular features along with the conventional histology leading to “histomolecular” classification. Interphase Fluorescent in situ hybridization (iFISH) is a useful ancillary technique to the pathologist. It is useful to identify gene deletions, amplifications and rearrangements. Fluorescent-tagged FISH probes are hybridized to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections on glass slides and the nuclei are observed under a fluorescent microscope. iFISH is particularly useful in a resource constrained setting where more advanced aids such as methylation profiling and targeted panels are not readily available. The iFISH technique performed in the pathology department will be discussed and the utility of iFISH in neuro-oncology diagnostics will be illustrated through a case-based discussion.
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    Migration and Health: A public health priority
    (SCTIMST, 2024-04-20) Tijo, George
    Overview: Migration and health are now recognised as a global public health priority. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identify migration's pivotal role in achieving their promise of ‘to leave no one behind’. Internal migration is far more than international migration; in a country like India, sometimes the distance and cultures they transit may be more than international migration elsewhere. Thanks to COVID-19, we know how complex the migration nexus is in India. Additionally, India has a shortage of data addressing migration and health. So, during my PhD journey, I have been exploring the migration and health data in the Census and other large-scale surveys like the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the Longitudinal Ageing Survey in India (LASI). This presentation will take you through a few papers published and work in progress regarding migration, particularly migration and health.
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    Data Science for Public Health: Journey of a PhD Scholar
    (SCTIMST, 2024-04-20) Arun Mitra, Peddireddy
    Overview: Data Science has opened new avenues for addressing complex public health problems and demonstrated that it can drive significant improvements in health services and policy-making. This presentation outlines my journey as a PhD scholar at the Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS) and my transition from public health to data science. The presentation will showcase some of the key projects including (a) AMCHSS COVID-19 Dashboard, (b) ICMR National COVID-19 Testing Database Project, (c) Trends in Caesarean Sections, (d) Disease Classification using Retinal Images, (e) Access to Stroke Facilities in India, and (f) Capacity Building in Public Health Data Science. The presentation will end with a brief overview of my PhD thesis on improving Maternal and Child Health services in tribal communities, illustrating both the challenges faced and learnings about the potential of data science to transform public health landscapes, particularly among Funderserved communities.