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    1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 receptor is upregulated in aortic smooth muscle cells during hypervitaminosis D
    (LIFE SCIENCES, 2002)
    Several studies have demonstrated that excess of vitamin D-3 is toxic particularly to vascular tissues. A notable pathological feature is arterial calcification. The nature of the toxic metabolite in hypervitaminosis D and the pathogenesis of arterial calcification are not clearly understood. The present study was undertaken to explore whether arterial calcification is a sequel of increased calcium uptake by arterial smooth muscle mediated by up regulation of vitamin D receptor in the cells in response to elevated circulating levels of vitamin D-3 in serum. The experimental study was performed in 20 New Zealand white female rabbits aged 6 months. Animals in the test group were injected 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol intramuscularly twice a week for one month. Six control animals were given intra-muscular injections of plain cottonseed oil. Animals were sacrificed and aortas were examined for pathological lesions, 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)(2) D-3) receptor levels and Ca-45 uptake in smooth muscle cells. Serum samples collected at intervals were assayed for levels of 25-OH-D-3 and calcium. The results showed that in animals given injections of cholecalciferol, serum levels of 25-OH-D-3 Were elevated. In four of these animals calcification and aneurysmal changes were seen in the aorta. Histological lesions comprised of fragmentation of elastic fibers as well as extensive loss of elastic layers. 1,25(OH)(2) D-3 receptor levels were up regulated and Ca-45 uptake enhanced in aortas of animals which were given excessive vitamin D-3. The evidences gathered suggest that excess vitamin D is arteriotoxic and that the vitamin induces arterial calcification through up regulation of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 receptor and increased calcium uptake in smooth muscle cells of the arteries. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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    100% cardiothoracic ratio
    (TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL, 2001) Krishnamoorthy, KM
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    2-Dimensional Echocardiography and M-Mode Doppler of the Interatrial Septum for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
    (JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 2011) Neema, PK; Misra, S; Manikandan, S; Rathod, RC
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    2D materials for next generation healthcare applications
    (Int J Pharm., 2018-11) Jayakumar, A; Surendranath, A; Mohanan, PV
    2 dimensional (2D) materials are budding new class of materials with exciting potential in optical, electrical, chemical and biomedical applications. Inspired by the attractive properties of graphene attributing to its 2D structure has stimulated researchers to hunt for new 2D materials. Unique characteristics like high surface-volume ratio, shape, surface charge, anisotropic nature and tunable functionalities of 2D structures opens up its application scope further. 2D materials have marked their impact on a wide range of area notably material science, optoelectronics, engineering and biomedical science. Currently, researchers are focusing on developing new 2D materials and functionalizing 2D materials to achieve desired properties. This review underlines the recent renovations done to 2D materials so as improve its functionality and biocompatibility. Growing trend towards exploring the potential of 2D materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, imaging, photothermal therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine emphasize the need to consider its biosafety. Large surface area of 2D materials increases chances of exposure of these materials towards cells which in turn shoots up the possibility for cellular interactions augmenting chances of potential toxicity. The present review concludes that the 2D materials are promising choice for next generation biomedical device development.
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    3D printed arrowroot starch-gellan scaffolds for wound healing applications
    (International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024-03) Abey, J; Fathah, M; Athira, SV; Joseph, X; Megha, KB; Akash, K; Nigina, G; Mohanan, PV; Baiju, GN
    Skin, the largest organ in the body, blocks the entry of environmental pollutants into the system. Any injury to this organ allows infections and other harmful substances into the body. 3D bioprinting, a state-of-the-art technique, is suitable for fabricating cell culture scaffolds to heal chronic wounds rapidly. This study uses starch extracted from Maranta arundinacea (Arrowroot plant) (AS) and gellan gum (GG) to develop a bioink for 3D printing a scaffold capable of hosting animal cells. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) prove that the isolated AS is analogous to commercial starch. The cell culture scaffolds developed are superior to the existing monolayer culture. Infrared microscopy shows the AS-GG interaction and elucidates the mechanism of hydrogel formation. The physicochemical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold are analyzed to check the cell adhesion and growth; SEM images have confirmed that the AS-GG printed scaffold can support cell growth and proliferation, and the MTT assay shows good cell viability. Cell behavioral and migration studies reveal that cells are healthy. Since the scaffold is biocompatible, it can be 3D printed to any shape and structure and will biodegrade in the requisite time.
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    3D-CISS MRI in a purely intracanalicular cochlear schwannoma
    (JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY, 2008) Thomas, B; Krishnamoorthy, T; Arvinda, HR; Kesavadas, C
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    A 3D biodegradable protein based matrix for cartilage tissue engineering and stem cell differentiation to cartilage
    (JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, 2009) Mohan, N; Nair, PD; Tabata, Y
    A protein based 3D porous scaffold is fabricated by blending gelatin and albumin. The biomimetic biodegradable gelatin, promoted good cell adhesion and its hydrophilic nature enabled absorption of culture media. Albumin is proposed to serve as a nontoxic foaming agent and also helped to attain a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance and appropriate crosslinking of the scaffold avoided extensive swelling, as well as retained the stability of scaffold in culture medium for long period. The scaffold is found to be highly porous with open interconnected pores. The adequate swelling and mechanical property of the scaffold helped to withstand the loads imparted by the cells during in vitro culture. The scaffold served as a nontoxic material to monolayer of fibroblast cells and is found to be cell compatible. The suitability of scaffold for chondrocyte culture and stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes is further explored in this work. The scaffold provided appropriate environment for chondrocyte culture, resulting in deposition of cartilage specific matrix molecules that completely masked the pores of the porous scaffold. The scaffold promoted the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocytes in presence of growth factors. The transforming growth factor, TGF beta 3 promoted better chondrogenic differentiation than its isoform TGF beta 1 in this scaffold.
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    A 3D biodegradable protein based matrix for cartilage tissue engineering and stem cell differentiation to cartilage (vol 20, pg 49, 2009)
    (JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, 2014) Mohan, N; Nair, PD; Tabata, Y
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    A 3D biodegradable protein based matrix for cartilage tissue engineering and stem cell differentiation to cartilage.
    (Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2009)
    A protein based 3D porous scaffold is fabricated by blending gelatin and albumin. The biomimetic biodegradable gelatin, promoted good cell adhesion and its hydrophilic nature enabled absorption of culture media. Albumin is proposed to serve as a nontoxic foaming agent and also helped to attain a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance and appropriate crosslinking of the scaffold avoided extensive swelling, as well as retained the stability of scaffold in culture medium for long period. The scaffold is found to be highly porous with open interconnected pores. The adequate swelling and mechanical property of the scaffold helped to withstand the loads imparted by the cells during in vitro culture. The scaffold served as a nontoxic material to monolayer of fibroblast cells and is found to be cell compatible. The suitability of scaffold for chondrocyte culture and stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes is further explored in this work. The scaffold provided appropriate environment for chondrocyte culture, resulting in deposition of cartilage specific matrix molecules that completely masked the pores of the porous scaffold. The scaffold promoted the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocytes in presence of growth factors. The transforming growth factor, TGFbeta3 promoted better chondrogenic differentiation than its isoform TGFbeta1 in this scaffold.
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    A 6-year-old girl with progressive ataxia
    (JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE, 2012)
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    A basket full!
    (Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2009)
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    A bioactive triphasic ceramic-coated hydroxyapatite promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells
    (JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A, 2009)
    Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics are widely used as bone graft substitutes because of their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, to enhance the success of therapeutic application, many efforts are undertaken to improve the bioactivity of HA. We have developed a triphasic, silica-containing ceramic-coated hydroxyapatite (HASi) and evaluated its performance as a scaffold for cell-based tissue engineering applications. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were seeded on both HASi and HA scaffolds and cultured with and without osteogenic supplements for a period of 4 weeks. Cellular responses were determined in vitro in terms of cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, where both materials exhibited excellent cytocompatibility. Nevertheless, an enhanced rate of cell proliferation and higher levels of both alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were observed for cells cultured on HASi with osteogenic supplements. These findings indicate that the bioactivity of HA endowed with a silica-containing coating has definitely influenced the cellular activity, projecting HASi as a suitable candidate material for bone regenerative therapy. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 90A: 533-542, 2009
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    A Biochemical Study on the Effect of Proteolysis of Beta-Thromboglobulin Proteins Released from Activated Platelets on Fibroblast Proliferation
    (PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS, 2007)
    beta-Thromboglobulin (beta-TG) proteins are a heterogeneous group released from platelet alpha-granules on activation and have an effect on fibroblast migration and proliferation. We have previously reported the action of a metal-dependent protease on platelet-released proteins, which generates low-molecular-weight proteins that could be inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). To understand the physiological significance of the breakdown of proteins after release, their effect on fibroblast proliferation in vitro was studied. Platelet releasates were obtained without and with EDTA inhibition designated as R1 and R2, respectively, and proteins were affinity purified for testing. Cell proliferation was measured using [(3)H]-thymidine assay. Both R1 and R2 showed maximum activity at 100 mu g/ml and R2 elicited significant proliferation compared to R1. When affinity-purified proteins were tested at 100 ng/ml, high-molecular-weight proteins showed significantly higher proliferation than low-molecular-weight proteins. We have shown that beta-TG is cleaved after being released from activated platelets, thereby becoming less mitogenic for fibroblasts. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
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    A biodegradable and biocompatible PVA-citric acid polyester with potential applications as matrix for vascular tissue engineering
    (JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, 2009) Thomas, LV; Arun, U; Remya, S; Nair, PD
    Unique elastomeric and biocompatible scaffolds were produced by the polyesterification of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and citric acid via a simple polycondensation reaction. The physicochemical characterization of the materials was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), mechanical and surface property analyses. The materials are hydrophilic and have viscoelastic nature. Biodegradable, non-cytotoxic materials that can be tailored into 3D scaffolds could be prepared in an inexpensive manner. This polyester has potential implications in vascular tissue engineering application as a biodegradable elastomeric scaffold.
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    A biodegradable and biocompatible PVA-citric acid polyester with potential applications as matrix for vascular tissue engineering.
    (Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2009)
    Unique elastomeric and biocompatible scaffolds were produced by the polyesterification of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and citric acid via a simple polycondensation reaction. The physicochemical characterization of the materials was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), mechanical and surface property analyses. The materials are hydrophilic and have viscoelastic nature. Biodegradable, non-cytotoxic materials that can be tailored into 3D scaffolds could be prepared in an inexpensive manner. This polyester has potential implications in vascular tissue engineering application as a biodegradable elastomeric scaffold.
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    A biodegradable in situ injectable hydrogel based on chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid for tissue engineering applications
    (CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, 2011) Nair, S; Remya, NS; Remya, S; Nair, PD
    An "in situ" biodegradable gel consisting of chitosan, glycerol phosphate (GP) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (HDA) were synthesised and characterized This is a two component hydrogel system where chitosan neutralized with GP resulted in instantaneous gelling when combined with HDA. The gels are cytocompatible and could be freeze dried to form porous scaffolds. The percentage porosity of the freeze-dried chitosan hyaluronic acid dialdehyde gels (CHDA) increased with increasing oxidation. Fibroblast cells seeded onto CHDA porous scaffolds adhered, proliferated and produced ECM components on the scaffold. Chondrocytes encapsulated in CHDA gels retained their viability and specific phenotypic characteristics. The gel material is hence proposed as a scaffold and encapsulating material for tissue engineering applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A case of a missing J-tip of the guidewire during internal jugular vein cannulation: A fractured and embolized J-tip or a manufacturing defect?
    (JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 2008) Manikandan, S; Neema, PK; Rathod, RC
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    A case of amyloid myopathy masquerading as inflammatory myopathy
    (NEUROLOGY INDIA, 2010) Das, A; Mahadevan, A; Kishore, A; Shankar, SK
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    A case of PANDAS with Kleine-Levin type periodic hypersomnia
    (SLEEP MEDICINE, 2012)
    We report on an 11-year-old girl, presenting with clinical features suggesting both pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) and Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS), who was successfully treated with penicillin prophylaxis. KLS is a sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia and at least one of the following symptoms: (1) cognitive or mood disturbances, (2) megaphagia with compulsive eating: (3) hypersexuality with inappropriate behaviors: and (4) abnormal behavior. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear and there is no effective treatment other than symptomatic therapies. This intriguing case report suggests novel insight into the pathogenesis of this rare and enigmatic syndrome. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.