Browsing by Author "Easo, SL"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies
    (CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, 2013) Easo, SL; Mohanan, PV
    Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most important genres of nanoparticles with promise. Dextran, a stable biocompatible coating agent was employed in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in the presence of urea. The morphology of nanoparticles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. These particles were also assessed for cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and cell adhesion in vitro using murine fibroblast cell line. The synthesized nanoparticles were superparamagnetic, possessed spherical shape with narrow size distribution and were found to be biocompatible and non-toxic. This study serves as a background for using DIONPs in further in vitro and in vivo studies with a long term goal of using it in biological applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Hepatotoxicity evaluation of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2016-06) Easo, SL; Mohanan, PV
    Cellular and organ responses to nanoparticles are relevant in the context of use of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs) to influence hepatic uptake and consequently induce hepatotoxic response in rats following intravenous administration. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis revealed that DIONPs are rapidly taken up into the liver, progressively broken down to iron constituents and exported into blood, with a part of it being retained in the liver. The potential of DIONPs to induce oxidative stress response was determined by evaluating the timedependent redox defense status. Maximum alterations in antioxidant activities were observed to occur within a period of 7 days. However, this effect was not followed by significant increase in lipid peroxidation or modulation of hepatic enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin levels. Overall, these data imply that the liver retains functional integrity with a dose of 10 mg/kg DIONPs, although with brief activation of redox defenses.
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    In vitro hematological and in vivo immunotoxicity assessment of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles
    (Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2015-07) Easo, SL; Mohanan, PV
    Iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted enormous interest as potential therapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro hematological toxicity and in vivo immune response toward previously synthesized and characterized dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs) developed for hyperthermia application. Peripheral whole blood from human volunteers was used to investigate hemolysis, platelet aggregation, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine mRNA expression induced by DIONPs in vitro. In the concentration range of 0.008–1 mg/ml, DIONPs did not induce relevant levels of hemolysis or platelet aggregation. Assessment of lymphocyte function showed significant suppression of the proliferation activity of T-lymphocytes in cultures stimulated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In addition, inhibition of PHA-induced cytokine mRNA expressions was also seen. However, systemic administration of DIONPs resulted in enhanced proliferation of mitogen-stimulated spleen derived lymphocytes and secretion of IL-1 at day 7 post exposure. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that immune response is influenced variably by nanoparticles and its degradation milieu. Further investigation of the observed immunosuppressive effects of DIONPs in immune stimulated animal models is required to assess the functional impact of such a response.
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    Toxicokinetics and biodistribution of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in rats
    (MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS, 2015) Easo, SL; Neelima, R; Mohanan, PV
    Dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs) synthesized and characterized for hyperthermia application were tested for toxicokinetics and biodistribution in order to analyze the prospect of safety and biocompatibility of these particles for advanced use. Rats were administered a single dose of DIONPs at a concentration of 10 mg kg(-1) by intravenous injection with a post-exposure period of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Liver, spleen, kidney, blood, urine and feces were examined for iron content by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. At 24 h, greater amounts of nanoparticles were deposited in liver and spleen. Maximum absorption of iron in blood occurred at day 7 and excess iron appeared to be eliminated by liver, seemingly via biliary excretion. Serum hematology and biochemistry analysis revealed an overall lack of systemic toxicity due to metabolism of DIONPs. Additionally, pathological changes associated with repeated exposure to DIONPs with a post exposure period of 28 days were also assessed. Although no significant pathological alterations were seen in spleen or kidney, slight morphological deviations from normal were observed in liver. Further progression in the analysis of biological response towards DIONPs will be determined in long-term studies in the presence of an alternating magnetic field in the context of hyperthermia application.
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    Toxicokinetics and biodistribution of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in rats.
    (Mater. Res. Express., 2015-10) Easo, SL; Neelima, R; Mohanan, PV
    Dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs) synthesized and characterized for hyperthermia application were tested for toxicokinetics and biodistribution in order to analyze the prospect of safety and biocompatibility of these particles for advanced use. Rats were administered a single dose of DIONPs at a concentration of 10 mg kg−1 by intravenous injection with a post-exposure period of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Liver, spleen, kidney, blood, urine and feces were examined for iron content by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. At 24 h, greater amounts of nanoparticles were deposited in liver and spleen. Maximum absorption of iron in blood occurred at day 7 and excess iron appeared to be eliminated by liver, seemingly via biliary excretion. Serum hematology and biochemistry analysis revealed an overall lack of systemic toxicity due to metabolism of DIONPs. Additionally, pathological changes associated with repeated exposure to DIONPs with a post exposure period of 28 days were also assessed. Although no significant pathological alterations were seen in spleen or kidney, slight morphological deviations from normal were observed in liver. Further progression in the analysis of biological response towards DIONPs will be determined in long-term studies in the presence of an alternating magnetic field in the context of hyperthermia application.
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    Toxicological evaluation of dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
    (Biointerphases, 2016-12) Easo, SL; Mohanan, PV
    Iron oxide nanoparticles present an attractive choice for carcinogenic cell destruction via hyperthermia treatment due to its small size and magnetic susceptibility. Dextran stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs) synthesized and characterized for this purpose were used to evaluate its effect on cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the absence of efficient internalization and perceptible apoptosis, DIONPs were still capable of inducing significant levels of reactive oxygen species formation shortly after exposure. Although these particles did not cause any genotoxic effect, they enhanced the expression of a few relevant oxidative stress and antioxidant defense related genes, accompanied by an increase in the glutathione peroxidase activity. These results indicate that under the tested conditions, DIONPs induced only minimal levels of oxidative stress in lymphocytes. Understanding the biological interaction of DIONPs, the consequences as well as the associated mechanisms in vitro, together with information obtained from systemic studies, could be expected to advance the use of these particles for further clinical trials